The king, having scorned royal apparel in favour of a simple pilgrim's tunic, escaped notice, unlike his bodyguards, whose skulls were brutally smashed and limbs severed. Between 1190 and 1194, Richard was absent from England, engaged in the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1192, and then held in captivity by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. She had her tomb placed beside that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. He shunned all majesty, preferring to send his Chancellor Thomas Becket to Paris to make a splendid, showy entrance to the city because, well, it just wasnt Henrys style. Contemporary sources praise Eleanor's beauty. Eleanor of the House of Poitiers was born somewhere between 1122 and 1124, the daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Aenor de Chatellerault. In addition, she had been corresponding with her uncle Raymond, Prince of Antioch, who was seeking further protection from the French crown against the Saracens. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Eleanor Henry. The couple married on Whitsun, 18 May 1152. He proclaimed that no word could be spoken against it, and that it might not be dissolved under any pretext. She had her tomb placed beside that she had commissioned for her husband, Henry, suggesting again a fondness that undermines the view of their relationship as fractious and difficult. Eleanor of Aquitaine is thought to be the queen of England mentioned in the poem "Were diu werlt alle min," used as the tenth movement of Carl Orff's famous cantata, Carmina Burana.[42]. Click a location below to find Eleanor more easily. She introduced those conventions in her own lands on the island of Olron in 1160 (with the "Rolls of Olron") and later in England as well. Archbishop Samson of Reims acted for Eleanor. Trivia (1) Twin sister of Emma Henry. [4] Although her native tongue was Poitevin, she was taught to read and speak Latin, was well versed in music and literature, and schooled in riding, hawking, and hunting. As the heiress of the House of Poitiers, which controlled much of southwestern France, she was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. Perhaps you're a fan of the new dramatic TV series, 'The Royals,' about a fictional British royal family who face struggles like the death of the heir to the throne, conniving children and assorted romances. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This, and her known age of 82 at her death make 1122 the most likely year of her birth. Outraged, Louis swore upon relics that so long as he lived Pierre should never enter Bourges. The marriage was now doomed. Late in July 1156, Eleanor left England to join Henry in Anjou with her two younger children. She became duchess upon her father's death in April 1137, and three months later she married Louis, son of her guardian King Louis VI of France. She was perhaps the most powerful woman in 12th-century Europe. It was part of the show of power, and Eleanor played her role perfectly. I suspect she felt her duty to protect the duchy even more keenly because she was a woman in a world increasingly wary, if not downright fearful, of female rule. In Paris as the queen of France, she was called Helienordis, her honorific name as written in the Latin epistles. This was duly lifted for long enough to allow Theobald's lands to be restored; it was then lowered once more when Raoul refused to repudiate Petronilla, prompting Louis to return to Champagne and ravage it once more. It is for this reason that I didnt see Eleanors move to Aquitaine in 1168 as the split in their relationship it is often portrayed as. After that, Eleanor goes on to live what, for anyone else, might constitute the third glitteringly impressive medieval life she was gifted. But rather than allowing her to stay, Louis took Eleanor from Antioch against her will and continued on to Jerusalem with his dwindling army.[20]. Henry then went about his own business outside Aquitaine, leaving Earl Patrick, his regional military commander, as her protective custodian. She was given shelter and food by servants of King Roger II of Sicily, until the king eventually reached Calabria, and she set out to meet him there. He was terrified at what looked like an empire the match created on his doorstep. [9] Over the next few years Eleanor often travelled with her husband and was sometimes associated with him in the government of the realm, but still had a custodian so that she was not free. Eleanor features in the novel Via Crucis (1899) by F. Marion Crawford. I encountered the young Henry in depth when writing about The Anarchy. [28], Some scholars believe that the "court of love" probably never existed since the only evidence for it is Andreas Capellanus' book. There was simply no benefit in it either. Website:Matt Lewis Home (mattlewisauthor.com)Blog:Matts History Blog Hopefully interesting snippets and thoughts (wordpress.com)Twitter: @MattLewisAuthor. The marriage was annulled in March 1152 on grounds of consanguinity. She did not have the opportunity to see her sons very often during her imprisonment, though she was released for special occasions such as Christmas. After King Henry's death Eleanor lived on for many years, even ruling England as Queen Dowager while her son Richard the Lionheart was on crusade. All rights reserved. Later that year she married and soon became queen of France. In The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, Howard Pyle, retelling the ballad Robin Hood and Queen Katherine, made the queen Queen Eleanor to fit historically with the rest of the work. It is certain that by late 1166, Henry's notorious affair with Rosamund Clifford had become known, and Eleanor's marriage to Henry appears to have become terminally strained. Copyright 1998 - 2023 Sharon Kay Penman. Although they escaped this attempt unharmed, stormy weather drove Eleanor's ship far to the south to the Barbary Coast and caused her to lose track of her husband. By this marriage she hoped to ensure peace between the Plantagenets of England and the Capetian kings of France. [39], Eleanor serves as an important allegorical figure in Ezra Pound's early Cantos.[40]. The Duchy of Aquitaine was the largest and richest province of France. His eldest surviving son, Louis, had originally been destined for monastic life, but had become the heir apparent when the firstborn, Philip, died in a riding accident in 1131.[13]. View Eleanor Henry results including current phone number, address, relatives, background check report, and property record with Whitepages. Corrections? Jean Plaidy's novel The Courts of Love, fifth in the 'Queens of England' series, is a fictionalised autobiography of Eleanor of Aquitaine. [15], Louis's tenure as count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine and Gascony lasted only a few days. Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him the news that Louis VI had died of dysentery on 1 August while he and Eleanor were making a tour of the provinces. He and Eleanor were anointed and crowned king and queen of France on Christmas Day of the same year. He was interred at the feet of the tomb of his great-grandfather, Henry I, in Westminster Abbey. Louis's long march to Jerusalem and back north, which Eleanor was forced to join, debilitated his army and disheartened her knights; the divided Crusade armies could not overcome the Muslim forces, and the royal couple had to return home. [9][16], Possessing a high-spirited nature, Eleanor was not popular with the staid northerners; according to sources, Louis's mother Adelaide of Maurienne thought her flighty and a bad influence. The Lion in Winter will be directed by Tom Hollis. On television, she has been portrayed in this play by Una Venning in the BBC Sunday Night Theatre version (1952) and by Mary Morris in the BBC Shakespeare version (1984). His goal throughout his reign was to recover and restore all of the rights held by his grandfather Henry I, and he would pursue these ferociously and doggedly. Upon the death of her husband Henry II on 6 July 1189, Richard I was the undisputed heir. Eleanor of Aquitaine (c. 1122 - 1 April 1204; French: Alinor d'Aquitaine, pronounced [aljen dakitn]) was Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the wife of King Louis VII, Queen of England from 1154 to 1189 as the wife of King Henry II, and Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right from 1137 until her death in 1204. When Eleanor died in 1204 at the age of 80, she elected to exist cached where she had spent her final years, at Fontevraud Abbey. Under both Richard and John she was active in matters of state and she died eventually in a nunnery at Fontrevault in Anjou in her early eighties in 1204, having been for much of a lifetime probably the most powerful woman in Europe. "[19], Official blame for the disaster was placed on Geoffrey de Rancon, who had made the decision to continue, and it was suggested that he be hanged, a suggestion which the king ignored. Horrified, and desiring an end to the war, Louis attempted to make peace with Theobald in exchange for his support in lifting the interdict on Raoul and Petronilla. That made Eleanor a target, and I think it is through this lens that we need to view later criticisms of her, not to mention sordid stories that began to do the rounds. In 1141, the Archbishopric of Bourges became vacant, and the king put forward as a candidate one of his chancellors, Cadurc, while vetoing the one suitable candidate, Pierre de la Chatre, who was promptly elected by the canons of Bourges and consecrated by the Pope. Henry allows Eleanor to travel to Normandy to visit the grave of their son Henry the Young King. However, while camping near Nicea, the remnants of the German army, including a dazed and sick Conrad III, staggered past the French camp, bringing news of their disaster. William had anticipated her value and had her betrothed to the soon . He fled to Paris. Louis of France had remarried and been widowed; he married for the third time and finally fathered a long-hoped-for son, Philip Augustus, also known as DieudonnGod-given. Matt Lewis is an author and historian of the middle ages. The marriage was annulled in March 1152 on grounds of consanguinity. When she was around 30, Bernard de Ventadour, a noted troubadour, called her "gracious, lovely, the embodiment of charm", extolling her "lovely eyes and noble countenance" and declaring that she was "one meet to crown the state of any king". She was portrayed by Lynda Bellingham in the BBC series Robin Hood. Eleanor and Rosamund Clifford, as well as Henry IIand Rosamund's father, appear in Gaetano Donizetti's opera Rosmonda d'Inghilterra (libretto by Felice Romani), which was premiered in Florence, at the Teatro Pergola, in 1834. Notwithstanding, during their three-week stay at Constantinople, Louis was fted and Eleanor was much admired. According to Capellanus, the women decided that it was not at all likely. In 1193, she would tell Pope Celestine III that she was tortured by his memory. Henry and Eleanor are the main characters in James Goldman's 1966 play The Lion in Winter, which was made into a film in 1968 starring Peter O'Toole as Henry and Katharine Hepburn in the role of Eleanor, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress Motion Picture Drama. Politics during this period demanded a degree of flexibility that I think Henry struggled to find. Eleanor was queen consort to Louis VII (113752) of France and Henry II of England (11521204). She bore him two daughters, went on crusade with him and ordered him about until her infidelities and her failure to produce an heir proved too much. In a matter of weeks, peace had returned to France: Theobald's provinces were returned and Pierre de la Chatre was installed as archbishop of Bourges. The king of France, known as Louis the Fat, was also gravely ill at that time, suffering from a bout of dysentery from which he appeared unlikely to recover. The notion that she had another half-brother, William, has been discredited. Publishers Weekly. [26] Over the next 13 years, she bore Henry five sons and three daughters: William, Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, John, Matilda, Eleanor, and Joan. Most recently, she was portrayed by Eileen Atkins in Robin Hood (2010). In June 1144, the king and queen visited the newly built monastic church at Saint-Denis. 2. In spite of all these words of praise, no one left a more detailed description of Eleanor; the colour of her hair and eyes, for example, are unknown. In 1199 Richard died without leaving an heir to the throne, and John was crowned king. On 25 July 1137, Eleanor and Louis were married in the Cathedral of Saint-Andr in Bordeaux by the archbishop of Bordeaux. Eleanor had only one other legitimate sibling, a younger sister named Aelith (also called Petronilla). I know what you might be thinking. Daughter and heiress of William X, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou, she was beautiful, wanton, capricious, sophisticated, highly intelligent and accustomed to having her own way. He records some twenty-one cases, the most famous of them being a problem posed to the women about whether true love can exist in marriage. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis. As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title, William dictated a will on the very day he died that bequeathed his domains to Eleanor and appointed King Louis VI of France as her guardian. In her attendance at celebrations where their sons were present, there seems little fear on Henrys part that she might try again to incite an uprising. She may well have encouraged her sons to rebel against their father in 1173 and after that he kept her penned up as a prisoner in England until he died in 1189. Eleanor of Aquitaine was perhaps the most powerful woman in 12th-century Europe, extremely active in politics as wife and mother of various kings. In the same year she helped to defend Anjou and Aquitaine against her grandson Arthur of Brittany, thus securing Johns French possessions. She died in 1204 at the monastery at Fontevrault, Anjou, where she had retired after the campaign at Mirebeau. "Young Henry", son of Henry and Eleanor, wed Margaret, daughter of Louis from his second marriage. Henry made the apparently absurd move of asking King Stephen, his mothers cousin, but his rival for the throne of England, to bail him out. Eleanor Henry VI Part 2. In response, Eleanor broke down and meekly excused her behaviour, claiming to be bitter because of her lack of children (her only recorded pregnancy at that time was in about 1138, but she miscarried[17][18]). Her life was portrayed on BBC Radio 4 in the drama series Eleanor Rising, with Rose Basista as Eleanor and Joel MacCormack as King Louis. From there, "the younger Henry, devising evil against his father from every side by the advice of the French king, went secretly into Aquitaine where his two youthful brothers, Richard and Geoffrey, were living with their mother, and with her connivance, so it is said, he incited them to join him. [29], There is no claim that Eleanor invented courtly love, for it was a concept that had begun to grow before Eleanor's court arose. Eleanor of Aquitaine (c.1122 1 April 1204; French: Alinor d'Aquitaine, pronounced[aljen dakitn]) was Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the wife of King Louis VII,[1] Queen of England from 1154 to 1189 as the wife of King Henry II, and Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right from 1137 until her death in 1204. The second had been made by Henrys younger brother Geoffrey. Omissions? Others were not so fortunate: "No aid came from Heaven, except that night fell. The annulment gave Eleanor back Aquitaine and Poitou, which she took with her eight weeks later to Henry, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy, to whom, incidentally, she was just as closely related as she had been to Louis. Rather than act as guardian to the duchess and duchy, he decided to marry the duchess to his 17-year-old heir and bring Aquitaine under the control of the French crown, thereby greatly increasing the power and prominence of France and its ruling family, the House of Capet. Eleanor played a key role in raising the ransom demanded from England by HenryVI and in the negotiations with the Holy Roman Emperor that eventually secured Richard's release. In 1173 she joined with her son in a revolt against King Henry, and spent 16 years in prison as a consequence. Their second son, Richard, lies at their feet, another restless Plantagenet brought to stillness by the greatest leveller of them all. "Penmans well-honed skill for weaving deeply researched details into epic tales is on full display. It was decided that he would escort the queen and princess north. CPCC Theatre will hold auditions for The Lion in Winter by James Goldman on Monday, September 13th and Tuesday September 14th from 7:00pm to 9:00pm in the Rehearsal Hall OC 300 of the Overcash/Halton building on the CPCC Central Campus. He was the future of the place that meant the most to her. Hi Friends! In the 1964 film Becket, Eleanor is briefly played by Pamela Brown to Peter O'Toole's first performance as a young Henry II. Please sign up to receive Sharon Kay Penman's newsletter to get the latest news and events. She had inherited her fathers enormous estates in her teens on his death in 1137 and her first husband, Louis VII of France, had been quite unable to stand up to her. Breakdown. Perhaps time and sorrow softened any sense of betrayal, but perhaps there had never been one. Eleanor went back to England probably early in 1184. Louis VI soon married her to his son and heir, and within weeks the king died so that Louis VII came to the throne with Eleanor as his queen. It feels like something we could do with more of today. Louis and Eleanor stayed in the Philopation palace just outside the city walls. On Saturday, 11 June 1183, the young king realized he was dying and was overcome with remorse for his sins. I found that period fascinating (and given my interest in the Wars of the Roses I was worried that civil wars fascinated me so much). The sons were William, who died at the age of three; Henry; Richard, the Lionheart; Geoffrey, duke of Brittany; and John, surnamed Lackland until, having outlived all his brothers, he inherited, in 1199, the crown of England. Flower and Hawk is a monodrama for soprano and orchestra, written by American composer, Carlisle Floyd that premiered in 1972, in which the soprano (Eleanor of Aquitaine) relives past memories of her time as queen, and at the end of the monodrama, hears the bells that toll for Henry II's death, and in turn, her freedom. [9] Eleanor rode to Westminster and received the oaths of fealty from many lords and prelates on behalf of the king. [9] Andreas wrote for the court of the king of France, where Eleanor was not held in esteem. Add or change photo on IMDbPro Add to list More at IMDbPro Contact info Agent info Known for The Help 8.1 Mae Mobley 2011 Credits Edit IMDbPro Actress Previous 1 The Help Mae Mobley 2011 IMDb Best of 2022 Louis and later his son Philip II consistently tried to drive a wedge between Henry and his sons to disrupt the vast territories they saw as a challenge to Capetian authority. Updates? When Patrick was killed in a skirmish, Eleanor, who proceeded to ransom his captured nephew, the young William Marshal, was left in control of her lands. Eleanor's daughter, Queen Eleanor of Castile, had two remaining unmarried daughters, Urraca and Blanche. Eleanor was allowed to return to the place she loved above all others as its duchess, to train Richard in the tricky art of ruling Aquitaine. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. As such, she was away from William, who had been left behind as a figurehead, when he passed away. In the 2019 video game expansion Civilization VI: Gathering Storm, Eleanor is a playable leader for the English and French civilizations.[43]. While in the eastern Mediterranean, Eleanor learned about maritime conventions developing there, which were the beginnings of what would become admiralty law. Eleanor has her eyes open, watchful still. As soon as she arrived in Poitiers, Eleanor sent envoys to Henry, Duke of Normandy and future king of England, asking him to come at once to marry her. Eugene did not, as Eleanor had hoped, grant an annulment. Damascus was a major wealthy trading centre and was under normal circumstances a potential threat, but the rulers of Jerusalem had recently entered into a truce with the city, which they then forswore. Here they were ambushed by a Turkish detachment, but the French proceeded to slaughter this detachment and appropriate their camp. Louis, however, still burned with guilt over the massacre at Vitry and wished to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to atone for his sins. She has also been introduced in The Royal Diaries series in the book Crown Jewel of Aquitaine by Kristiana Gregory. The king had many mistresses, but although he treated earlier liaisons discreetly, he flaunted Rosamund. Eleanor, aged 12 to 15, then became the duchess of Aquitaine, and thus the most eligible heiress in Europe. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The consequences for the subsequent history of English ambitions in France were profound. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Reputedly Eleanor then requested to stay with Raymond and brought up the matter of consanguinitythe fact that she and her husband, King Louis, were perhaps too closely related. On 8 July 1174, Henry and Eleanor took ship for England from Barfleur. There is no real evidence to position Eleanor as some kind of mastermind in a bid to tear her family and their lands apart. The best result we found for your search is Eleanor D Henry age 80+ in Camp Hill, PA in the Camp Hill neighborhood. The basis for this claim seems to be the fact that Raymond advised a course of action that Louis refused to accept. Fiona Harris-Stoertz, "Pregnancy and Childbirth in Twelfth-and Thirteenth-Century French and English Law". Eleanor of Aquitaine is every bit the match for Henry, and so I decided to write a joint biography of them. Much money went into making the austere Cit Palace in Paris more comfortable for Eleanor's sake.[13]. Little is known of Eleanor's involvement in these events. By all accounts, Eleanor's father ensured that she had the best possible education. [9][13][14] Louis donated the vase to the Basilica of St Denis. She left for the Second Crusade from Vzelay, the rumoured location of Mary Magdalene's grave, in June 1147. Eleanor appears to have taken an ambivalent attitude towards these affairs. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! Henry was the obvious candidate. They were in high spirits on Christmas Eve, when they chose to camp in a lush valley near Ephesus. They have also lived in Columbus, GA and Fort Mitchell, AL. A book rests on her chest, though in typically enigmatic style, we are left to guess what she may be reading. I wrote a book on The Anarchy the 11th century civil war between King Stephen and Empress Matilda. As soon as the annulment was granted, Eleanor became engaged to her third cousin Henry, Duke of Normandy. "[31], In March 1173, aggrieved at his lack of power and egged on by Henry's enemies, his son by the same name, the younger Henry, launched the Revolt of 11731174. Henry lies still, his eyes closed, holding his regalia, as he probably never was in life. Eleanor was, I think, always preoccupied with Aquitaine. She married John Allison about 1708, in Maryland, British Colonial America. She immediately sent word to Henry to come promptly and marry her, and meanwhile summoned her principal vassals to renew their allegiance to her as Duchess of Aquitaine. Find 109 people named Eleanor Henry along with free Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok profiles on PeekYou - true people search. The four published mysteries are the Queen's Man, Cruel as the Grave, Dragon's Lair, and Prince of Darkness. The daughters were Matilda, who married Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria; Eleanor, who married Alfonso VIII, king of Castile; and Joan, who married successively William II, king of Sicily, and Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. Borders and rights were often left deliberately in fuzzy, grey areas to avoid endless disputes, but Henry craved definition and certainty. As he is forced to reconstruct the shattered settlement of his domains, it is to her that he turns for help. Top 3 Results for Eleanor Henry in PA. 1. Among those startled by this development was King Louis, who was furious that neither party had asked his consent, which he would of course have refused. On 18 May 1152 (Whit Sunday), eight weeks after her annulment, Eleanor married Henry "without the pomp and ceremony that befitted their rank."[24]. It may have been largely to teach manners, something the French courts would be known for in later generations. Beautiful, capricious, and adored by Louis, Eleanor exerted considerable influence over him, often goading him into undertaking perilous ventures. On her release, Eleanor played a greater political role than ever before. The two leaders seemed just as happy to dodge a showdown and met at least once to discuss things as their armies hovered behind them. While there, the queen met with Bernard of Clairvaux, asking him to use his influence with the Pope to have the excommunication of Petronilla and Raoul lifted, in exchange for which King Louis would make concessions in Champagne and recognise Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges. While presenting a solemn and dignified face to the grieving Aquitainian messengers, Louis exulted when they departed. Louis VII had set Eleanor aside, and there had been efforts to blame her for their lack of a son and heir. 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