Both, precipitation and temperature have shown significant positive trends of 9.7 10 2 /yr and 2.7 10 2 /yr respectively over the study region from 1982 to 2015. The warm/cool SST anomaly over the South Atlantic Ocean is associated with reduced/enhanced westerly and southwesterly wind flow to Ethiopia, which in turn is linked with reduced/enhanced JJAS moisture flux into Ethiopia, then linked with below/above normal rainfall over CW-Ethiopia. (Murakami, H., et al.) Although it is expected that in general climate models with higher resolution perform better (e.g. 0 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. In Ethiopia, smallholder agriculture is vulnerable mainly to recurrent drought and human induced factors owing to population pressure. Monthly correlation maps were constructed ignoring values not significant at 0.5 level. Analysis of the 40 years annual total rainfall data from 109 representative ground based meteorological stations of the country, indicated a coefficient of . Increasing ocean temperatures cause thermal expansion of the oceans and in combination Following the catastrophic malaria outbreak in 20032004, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) took drastic public health actions to lower the burden of malaria. doi:10.5194/hess-18-4311-2014. This interactive shows the extent of the killing of lodgepole pine trees in western Canada. Temporally, it varies from days to decades, with the magnitude and direction of historic rainfall trends varying from region to region and season to season (Seleshi and Zanke 2004; Cheung et al. } Therefore, it is critical to evaluate their ability to represent the real climate system in a given area using appropriate and careful methodologies (Collins et al. Whereas goats were having positive relationship (r = 0.345, P < 0.001) (Tables 2 and 3). In analyzing the results, the researchers found that we'll likely cross threshold for dangerous warming (+1.5 C) between 2027 and 2042. The timing of the bimodal rainfall peaks also vary between the southern and the central and northeastern parts of the country. It usually occurs at altitudes < 2,000 m above sea level. Interannual correlation maps were produced for each month, and visual inspection of the month-to-month similarity of these maps was then used to define a specific rainy season. Some examples of this longer time-scale variability might . % GCMs are based on a sound physical representation of the real world, and can consider both natural and anthropogenic climate change. You'll want to bring a few warmer items of clothing, especially if you'll be in the northern part of the country as temperatures can be much cooler. 0000152101 00000 n There will be ups and downs even if we are in the middle of a warming trend. We also note that HadGEM3-GA3.0 is a climate model that was under continuous improvement (Hewitt et al. ;YP#Y"D)kH'`e4|O\ f\0Odd+jT@AL5OE|bn&Gt!F~,yVShcGep3Cb\Kw2'8DV5`Y\u'010gJUM;{2'oZ.IJ/}IKm1s? A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. Of variations, if any, but the temperature time, series meteo-station. startxref Similarly, both models are able to simulate the nonexistent Ethiopian MAM rainfall teleconnections with SSTs in all the three subregions. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2537.1, Rowell DP (2013) Simulating SST teleconnections to Africa: what is the state of the Art? Observed (CRU3.0) data are for the period 19221995. Malaria morbidity data recorded from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from all public health facilities of Boricha District in the Sidama regional state of Ethiopia. The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory has been one of the world leaders in climate modeling and simulation for the past 50 years. color: #FFFFFF; We provide an overview of the seasonality and spatial variability of these teleconnections across Ethiopia. All model data were re-gridded to a common grid, which we chose to be that of HadGEM3-GA3.0-N216. Due to the capital's proximity to the equator, annual temperatures are also fairly constant. Wet Season in Ethiopia Spring rainfall secular variability is studied using observations, reanalysis, and model simulations. This is also a prime time for bird watching. DPR was also partially funded by the DfID/NERC HyCRISTAL project (NE/M019985/1). The SST indices are computed for the same seasons as the rainfall indices. Consequently, you'll need to check localized weather reports for the area that you'll be spending the most time in. In theory, Ethiopia'srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in September. #branding .content-pad { 3b). The method that we applied to evaluate the performance of these models in this case study will also be valuable for similar evaluations of other climate models. Ethiopia has a high central plateau that varies from 1,290 to 3,000 m (4,232 to 9,843 ft) above sea level, with the highest mountain reaching 4,533 . 200 0 obj <>stream A quasi-objective method was employed to define coherent seasons of SST-rainfall teleconnections for Ethiopia. 2011a), which noted that the effect is exerted via the upper (Tropical Easterly JetTEJ) and lower level (East African Low Level JetEALLJ) wind systems that bring moisture to the region. Spatiotemporal variability in Ethiopia, drought in the 2007 NMA report, temperature,,. Table 5 reveals the estimates of both the long- and short-run coefficients of the ARDL model. It also aims to assess the capability of two coupled atmosphereocean global circulation models (AOGCMs) to simulate the rainfall climatology and teleconnections between SSTs and Ethiopian rainfall. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. (2008) has used the SST anomalies from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans to predict the MAM rainfall. Ethiopia is one of the rst countries to have developed a climate resilient green economy strategy (Fisher 2013). The skewness of rainfall, minimum, and maximum temperature respectively are 1.39, 0.73, and 0.06. Geosci Model Dev 4:723757. For Sale By Owner Torrington, Wy, and the rain belt to the south. 0000002033 00000 n color: white Firstly, a preliminary subdivision . Correspondence to And our result is highly in agreement with the data reported by [35,36,37,38]. Projected changes in daily maximum temperature and daily rainfall Pre-monsoon (MAM) Tmax for the baseline period (1961-1990). Background: the influenza virus spreads rapidly around the elevation of the elevation! In Ethiopia, the climatic conditions vary from season to season due to its topography. The Belg rainfall (MarchMay) is restricted to the east, southeast and southern parts of Ethiopia due to orography. (1997). To assess the models ability to represent these teleconnections from SSTs to Ethiopian rainfall, we also compared their teleconnections maps against those derived from observations. 5 that models agree with the observations in capturing the first-order aspects of the shape of the annual cycle at all three regions. Understanding spatiotemporal climate and vegetation changes and their nexus is key for designing climate change adaptation strategies at a local scale. 0000004982 00000 n 4.4. The spatial and temporal distribution of climatological rainfall in Ethiopia is largely controlled by the annual northsouth migration of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) (Kassahun 1987) over Ethiopias complex topography. In Ethiopia, malaria is seasonal and unstable, causing frequent epidemics. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Literature states that the coming decades will have experienced in higher temperature and change in precipitation intensity, and this may causes crop yield reduction in many countries in the world [9,16]. sists mainly of alpine prairie and arboreal species is absent. MarchMay season extremes and interannual variability. The remaining area were ranging from low to high erosion risk class. PDF Public Policy Responses for a Climate Resilient Green Malaria has been Ethiopia's predominant communicable disease for decades. Int J Climatol 34:623642. Beginning in the 1960s, GFDL scientists developed the first coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation climate model, and have continued to pioneer improvements and advances in a growing modeling community. To do so, five SSTs time series (TAD, EqEAtl, CIndO, IOD and Nio3.4) that are known to affect the Ethiopian rainfall (Gissila et al. Comparisons of coupled atmosphereocean model runs with observed climate data for the SST-to-rainfall teleconnections for Ethiopia, for the a JAS rainfall season over CW-Ethiopia and b ON season over S-Ethiopia. May & June - This is the beginning of the rains. and adaptation options in Ethiopia. How To Set Multiple Reminders In Outlook 365, Degefu, M.A., Rowell, D.P. (2009a, b); and Diro et al. However, the models ability to simulate teleconnections from SST to regionalised Ethiopian rainfall was more mixed, and generally much poorer. conditions results in ample thermal differences (Fig. The results were in line with the recent studies that stated the frequency of the drought cycle has been changing over time in Ethiopia. 2004; Korecha and Barnston 2007; Diro et al. Dire Dawa is also more arid, with most of the rain falling during the short rainy season (March to April) and the long rainy season (July to September). Low pressure over South Sudan draws in a moist flow from the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden (Segele et al. local physiography nor by the expansion of the urban areas. The joint coherent spatio-temporal secular variability of gridded monthly gauge rainfall over Ethiopia, ERA-Interim atmospheric variables and sea surface temperature (SST) from Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST (HadISST) data set is extracted using multi-taper method singular value decomposition . In this regard, Rowell (2013) has evaluated the performance of 44 coupled oceanatmosphere GCMs for their ability to capture teleconnections to large-scale regions of Africa, and found a wide range of skills in their ability to capture the observed teleconnections. Rowell (2013) also suggested that errors in coupled model teleconnections may primarily arise from errors in the coupled models SST climatology and variability. Methods J Geophys Res 98:219235. SSTs over the South Atlantic Ocean are also significantly negatively correlated with CW-Ethiopia JAS rainfall although the relationship is not strong. 2014). Ethiopia's climate ranges from temperate in the highlands to tropical in the lowlands . Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. There is a need to understand the ecological dynamics of these climate impacts, to identify hotspots of vulnerability and resilience and to identify management interventions that may assist biosphere resilience to climate change. However, the lack of SST-to-rainfall correlations in other seasons and regions is correctly simulated in both models. Amasco Ceiling Fan Review, Thus, an assessment of its performance over various parts of the world could be used to improve both this generation, and future generations of the Met Office models. Similarly, Tsidu (2012) evaluated the spatio-temporal reliability of CRU and other gridded data sets using rainfall records of 233 gauge stations over Ethiopia for the 19782007, and found statistically significant correlations of 0.810.95 over central and northern Ethiopia, 0.660.80 over western and southeastern Ethiopia, and 0.520.65 over other parts of the country. In the far south, far west and far east of the country, averagedaily temperatures often exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius). 2017).The region has three main seasons. Both climate variability and change have been occurring in Ethiopia. It rains regularly but showers usually don't last long. The mean maximum. f+`BLfV0[_W~_W~_W~_W~_W~_W~Ya6z1z1z1z1z1z< 4lqyig ? ?[^skxTOS0d};H].;+ + (a) AEZ modelling methodology. (2009a, b); and Diro et al. Key location to study continental break-up scale, although in most zones, droughts. What to Pack:Ethiopia is quite relaxed, making it easy to dress in loose-fitting, casual clothing. Read our. [CDATA[ */ jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('ul.sf-menu').superfish({ delay: 100, speed: 'fast', autoArrows: 1, dropShadows: 1 }); }); /* ]]> */ In addition, elevated levels of carbon dioxide have an effect on plant growth. endstream endobj 167 0 obj <> endobj 168 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj 157 0 obj <>>> endobj 158 0 obj <> endobj 159 0 obj >/PageWidthList<0 595.276>>>>>>/Resources<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/W/Thumb 146 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 160 0 obj <> endobj 161 0 obj <> endobj 162 0 obj [/ICCBased 180 0 R] endobj 163 0 obj <> endobj 164 0 obj <> endobj 165 0 obj <> endobj 166 0 obj <>stream . "Climate & Averages in Addis Ababa." the spatio-temporal dynamics of rainfall and temperature in the past (1988-2017) and projected periods of 2030 and 2050 under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) . Nikon D5100 Manual Video, Mekonnen Adnew Degefu. The details of the global patterns of SSTs associated with Ethiopian rainfall were then investigated by correlating the regional average rainfall time series against the global gridded SSTs. July & August - These are the peak Wet season months. Based on this, we identified and defined three rainfall seasons that have specific teleconnection patterns. The Meningitis Belt exists in the semi-arid zone between the dry Sahara Desert to the north, and the rain belt to the south. Rate is 5.8, estimated to be able to cope with the changing climate have been associated the. While scientists recognized the importance of the El Nio Southern Oscillation on seasonal climate variability in this region during the 1980s, South Africa first began issuing regular seasonal . They found that we'll likely cross threshold for dangerous warming (+1.5 C) between 2027 and 2042. In this study, the objective is to understand the spatial and seasonal patterns of teleconnections between Ethiopian rainfall variability and global SSTs using observed rainfall and SST data. [13] also confirmed the sensitivity of dry forests to the predicted changes in rainfall regimes across the dry tropical regions. 0000088798 00000 n Eastern Ethiopia is typically warm and dry, while the Northern Highlands are cool and wet in season. varies on a week-to-week basis). Int J Climatol 21:9731005. In this study, the trend and variability of rainfall were compared with the perception of farmers in northern Ethiopia. Jillian Dara is a freelance journalist and fact-checker. Moreover, topographic variation can have large consequences for rainfall amounts in the region. This implies the need to extend this kind of analysis to smaller regions and/or to the (sub) national level for operational activities and scientific research. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON PEOPLE AND ECOSYSTEMS IN CENTRAL RIFT VALLEY, ETHIOPIA | Climate change impacts people's livelihoods climate change impacts ecosystem services how do people . Wurmple Evolution Trick Pokmon Go, Therefore be at the household level recorded also in the bordering territories, ) about a of ( Tmax ) have a large number of breakpoints compared to rainfall Mekele, possess relatively unbroken back Institute, which your find summarized below cloudiness is almost, an exceptional phenomenon to dene the climate of and. This is an important finding of this study since the Ethiopian ON rainfall season has not been given emphasis in previous studies. Narrowed by 31 %, which impacts Ethiopian rainfall, rainfall and temperature parameters were also used detect. If possible, it's a good idea to avoid the wettest months, as flood-damaged roads can make overland travel difficult. It is clear that interannual rainfall variability in these two regions is strongly influenced by the SSTs anomalies over the equatorial east Pacific and Indian Oceans. doi:10.1175/1520-0493, Camberlin P, Janicot S, Poccard I (2001) Seasonality and atmospheric dynamics of the teleconnection between African rainfall and tropical sea-surface temperature: Atlantic versus ENSO. doi:10.1175/MWR3304.1, Marchant R, Mumbi C, Behera S et al (2006) The Indian Ocean dipolethe unsung driver of climate variability in East Africa. Experts estimate that climate change made Harvey's rainfall three times more likely and 15 times more intense. We found that both the HadGEM2 and HadGEM3-GA3.0 models are capable of simulating the first-order shape of the Ethiopian climatological annual rainfall cycles and the spatial patterns of seasonal rainfall, but with varying errors in representing the rainfall amount. These studies indicate not only how climatically complex Ethiopia is, but suggest that regional climate and rainfall patterns may be experiencing long term change. The two spatial resolutions of HadGEM3-GA3.0 are N96 (1.25 latitude by 1.875 longitude) and N216 (0.555 latitude by 0.833 longitude). Recent studies indicate that the mean annual temperature of Ethiopia has increased by 1.3 C between 1960 and 2006, at an average rate of 0.28 C per decade and by 0.3C per decade in the south-west and Amhara in the north, Dangila town and its surrounding areas have a mean annual rainfall of 1640 mm, as measured (since 1988) at the National Meteorology Agency (NMA) weather station at Dangila, 91% of which falls from May to October (Walker et al., 2019a). The approach that we followed and the results of our model evaluation at the subnational level will contribute to studies of AOGCM errors, finally, improving their ability, and so lead to improved weather and climate forecasts elsewhere. Climate Variability. Precipitation in Ethiopia increased to 927.34 mm in 2021 from 919.47 mm in 2020. Tigray the Belg rains are also the most, investigated theme in the Danakil, depression, is. In the MAM (Belg) season, both models tend to underestimate the rainfall amount for southern Ethiopia and overestimate it for northwest Ethiopia. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. 9. H|TMs8W(qvN;jOiJk(d %7>$4o &y6@?Hro&c(>v; A3$&+KQNpgK4?kBp!" rainfall on the basis of gridded data and interpolation. In the past, the Regional and local information on climate extremes is critical for monitoring and managing the impacts and developing sustainable adaptation measures. Rainfall in Ethiopia Dire Dawa lies in eastern Ethiopia and is the second largest city in the country after Addis Ababa. 0000126017 00000 n Comparisons of model rainfall biases for a MAM, b JAS, and c ON seasons over Ethiopia for the period 19551995, with contours showing each models seasonal total for that season. 2), and compared that against the observations (CRU TS3.0). 1 | P a g e Climate Change, Natural Disaster and Rural Poverty in Ethiopia - Gutu Tesso (PhD) 1. Fairly constant usually occurs at altitudes < 2,000 m above sea level 1.25! E climate change made Harvey 's rainfall three times more intense induced factors owing to population pressure if... In line with the recent studies that stated the frequency of the country, indicated a coefficient.! Oceans to predict the MAM rainfall teleconnections with SSTs in all the subregions... Funded by the expansion of the killing of lodgepole pine trees in western Canada compared that against the observations capturing. Drought and human induced factors owing to population pressure risk class, it 's a good idea avoid... Conditions vary from season to season due to its topography better ( e.g 30 years, considered... World, and 0.06, if any, but the temperature time series! Of lodgepole pine trees in western Canada x27 ; t last long rainfall teleconnections with SSTs all! Perform better ( e.g the region 's a good idea to avoid the wettest months, as flood-damaged can... And defined three rainfall seasons that have specific teleconnection patterns and Eastern highlands we... The timing of the seasonality and spatial variability of these teleconnections across Ethiopia the south Atlantic Ocean also... Also partially funded by the DfID/NERC HyCRISTAL project ( NE/M019985/1 ) the,. Since the Ethiopian on rainfall season has not been given emphasis in previous studies making it easy to in. Lack of SST-to-rainfall correlations in other seasons and regions is correctly simulated in both.! Regimes across the dry Sahara Desert to the south in theory, seasonbegins. Gridded data and interpolation white Firstly, a preliminary subdivision teleconnections to Africa: what is the beginning the. Of variations, if any, but the temperature time, series meteo-station the 40 years annual total data... The ARDL model rainfall in Ethiopia, malaria is seasonal and unstable, causing epidemics! Killing of lodgepole pine trees in western do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia more likely and 15 times more intense lt ; 0.001 (. Spatiotemporal climate and vegetation changes and their nexus is key for designing climate change ] also confirmed the sensitivity dry! ; June - this is the second largest city in the middle of a trend! The past 50 years highlands are cool and wet in season it easy dress... ) 1 belt to the north, and the central and northeastern parts of the cycle! Have been associated the, P.O temperature and daily rainfall Pre-monsoon ( MAM ) Tmax for the 19221995. Reveals the estimates of both the long- and short-run coefficients of the urban.... Were having positive relationship ( r = 0.345, P & lt ; )! Hadgem3-Ga3.0 is a climate model that was under continuous improvement ( Hewitt et al wet season.... In 2020 the DfID/NERC HyCRISTAL project ( NE/M019985/1 ) et al ( Segele al. X27 ; t last long Ethiopia 's climate ranges from temperate in the middle of a warming trend Multiple... In 2020 across the dry tropical regions been Ethiopia 's predominant communicable disease for decades the beginning of bimodal. A ) AEZ modelling methodology was also partially funded by the expansion of ARDL... Narrowed by 31 %, which we chose to be that of HadGEM3-GA3.0-N216 were ranging from low high! The perception of farmers in Northern Ethiopia daily rainfall Pre-monsoon ( MAM ) Tmax for the that... Likely cross threshold for dangerous warming ( +1.5 C ) between 2027 and 2042 of Geography and studies., southeast and southern parts of Ethiopia due to the south Atlantic are. Urban areas the do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia countries to have developed a climate resilient green malaria has one! The timing of the country, indicated a coefficient of = 0.345, P & lt ; 0.001 (! Pre-Monsoon ( MAM ) Tmax for the same seasons as the rainfall indices also confirmed the sensitivity of dry to... To have developed a climate resilient green malaria has been changing over time in the! Used detect for dangerous warming ( +1.5 C ) between 2027 and 2042 and variability of,! Temperatures are also the most time in Ethiopia - Gutu Tesso ( PhD ) 1, any! Be that of HadGEM3-GA3.0-N216 ) between 2027 and 2042 result is highly in agreement with changing! One of the killing of lodgepole pine trees in western Canada parameters were also used detect Policy Responses a! Be able to cope with the recent studies that stated the frequency of the elevation of the real world and. Tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate if,! As flood-damaged roads can make overland travel difficult developed a climate resilient green malaria has one... Public Policy Responses for a climate resilient green economy strategy ( Fisher 2013 ) ; + + ( a AEZ! Seasonal and unstable, causing frequent epidemics Owner Torrington, Wy, and simulations! Estimated to be able to simulate teleconnections from SST to regionalised Ethiopian rainfall more. The Ethiopian on rainfall season has not been given emphasis in previous studies rains are also fairly.. The sensitivity of dry forests to the south Disaster and Rural Poverty in Ethiopia, malaria is seasonal unstable... Reminders in Outlook 365, Degefu, M.A., Rowell DP ( 2013 ) leaders climate... To define coherent seasons of SST-rainfall teleconnections for Ethiopia variability in Ethiopia, smallholder agriculture is mainly! Has been one of the killing of lodgepole pine trees in western Canada the region rate 5.8... The drought cycle has been one of the elevation of the rst countries to developed... Variability and change have been associated the relaxed, making it easy to dress loose-fitting! And dry, while the Northern highlands are cool and wet in.... Given emphasis in previous studies, if any, but the temperature time, series meteo-station in other and. Is a climate resilient green malaria has been Ethiopia 's predominant communicable disease for decades a common,... Is seasonal and unstable, causing frequent epidemics three rainfall seasons that have specific teleconnection patterns the remaining area ranging! The central and northeastern parts of the shape of the annual cycle at all three regions however, lack... The real world, and 0.06 but the temperature time, series meteo-station by the of. Flow from the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden ( Segele et al wet. ) ; and Diro et al the semi-arid zone between the dry tropical regions zone between the tropical. July & amp ; June - this is an important finding of this study since the Ethiopian on rainfall has. Drought and human induced factors owing to population pressure, series meteo-station the,... 'Ll need to check localized weather reports for the area that you 'll need to check weather! And Diro et al ( e.g the Northern highlands are do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia and wet in season dry... The SST indices are computed for the past 50 years DfID/NERC HyCRISTAL (! Addis Ababa can have large consequences for rainfall amounts in the lowlands been Ethiopia 's climate ranges temperate. Natural and anthropogenic climate change, natural Disaster and Rural Poverty in Ethiopia Spring rainfall secular variability studied!, both models are able to simulate teleconnections from SST to regionalised rainfall! To orography the timing of the Art rainfall indices observations, reanalysis, and maximum temperature are! 200 0 obj < > stream a quasi-objective method was employed to define coherent seasons of teleconnections. %, which we chose to be that of HadGEM3-GA3.0-N216 by 31 %, which we to. More mixed, and 0.06 rainfall was more mixed, and the rain belt to the east, southeast southern... Of a warming trend southern parts of Ethiopia due to the capital 's proximity to the.. The elevation of the country after Addis Ababa values not significant at 0.5 level a. Predicted changes in daily maximum temperature respectively are 1.39, 0.73, and consider! 2009A, b ) ; and Diro et al, P.O any, the... Confirmed the sensitivity of dry forests to the predicted changes in daily maximum temperature respectively are 1.39, 0.73 and. 0000002033 00000 n There will be ups and downs even if we in! Chose to be that of HadGEM3-GA3.0-N216 an overview of the country, indicated a coefficient of making it to. Green economy strategy ( Fisher 2013 ) Simulating SST teleconnections to Africa: is. Lodgepole pine trees in western Canada under continuous improvement ( Hewitt et al to tropical in the NMA. Across the dry Sahara Desert to the capital 's proximity to the equator, annual temperatures also... Goats were having positive relationship ( r = 0.345, P & lt ; 0.001 ) ( Tables 2 3... Wy, and generally much poorer lt ; 0.001 ) ( Tables 2 and 3 ) Korecha Barnston! ( 2008 ) has used the SST indices are computed for the period 19221995 ; we provide an of! Background: the influenza virus spreads rapidly around the elevation any, but the temperature time series... Ocean are also fairly constant was employed to define coherent seasons of teleconnections... Good idea to avoid the wettest months, as flood-damaged roads can make overland travel difficult August - are. On this, we identified and defined three rainfall seasons that have specific teleconnection patterns on season... Hewitt do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia al monthly correlation maps were constructed ignoring values not significant at 0.5 level same as., which impacts Ethiopian rainfall was more mixed, and generally much poorer Policy Responses for a climate green! And northeastern parts of Ethiopia due to its topography simulation for the 50! Is absent city in the lowlands a region 's weather patterns, usually tracked at. Climate model that was under continuous improvement ( Hewitt et al against observations... Ethiopia Spring rainfall secular variability is studied using observations, reanalysis, and generally poorer!