The dangerously wounded Massow was evacuated from the field and treated. He saw action with the Rangers at Miskels Farm on April 1, 1863, and at Warrenton Junction on May 3. consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and "[8] A few partisans were wizened old men in their 40s, but most were in their late teens or early 20s; two paroled after the war at Winchester were only 14 years old. During the Civil War, "Mosby's Confederacy" encompassed 1,800 square miles, including today's Fauquier, Loudon, Clarke, Warren, and Prince William counties. for the war and elected 2nd Lt., Co. A by John S. Mosby at Rector's X-Roads, Fauquier Co. Inv. He is a different man entirely from what I supposed. With a recommendation from J.E.B. Mosbys Rangers and McNeills Rangers. It took a personal letter to now President Grant to stop the practice. Each man had at least two horses and many men had several. The men then dismounted and went to work again. Following General Robert E. Lees surrender to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox on April 9, 1865, Mosby tasked William with leading a negotiating team to meet with Union authorities about specific terms for surrender. He survived but endured a long and difficult recovery that kept him from returning to Mosbys command. In this vivid account of the famous command of John Singleton Mosby, Jeffry D. Wert explores the personality of this iron-willed commander and brilliant tactician and . With orders from Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to conduct total war to wipe out Confederate resistance in the Valley and burn crops and farms, Sheridan launched an offensive on August 9th. It is difficult to evaluate the contribution of Mosby's raids to the overall Confederate war effort. THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING VETERAN JOURNALISM - JOIN SOFREP+ 10. Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton who was captured in bed. Present on June - Dec. 1863 muster roll. He moved to Washington, D.C., where he continued to practice law and also worked as a diplomat. That was important because Mosby, essentially a teetotaler, despised the use of needed forage for the distilling of alcoholhe believed it served a better purpose by feeding horses or soldiers. On Jan. 26 1863 to conduct a raid on Federal picket line. On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered the 43rd Battalion's parent command, the Army of Northern Virginia. The Virginia Yankees later fought Colonel White's men again, as well as cavalrymen under the command of Colonel John S. Mosby. In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. They are a terror to the citizens and an injury to the cause [because], General Lee sent the letter on to the Confederate War Department with an endorsement recommending "the law authorizing these partisan corps be abolished." He was a rather dour and taciturn individual, but Jeffries, whom he married on February 25, 1864, evidently coaxed a softer persona out of him. . Many farms in Northern Virginia had their own private, primitive distilleries. Noted for their lightning strike raids on Union targets and their ability to consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and supply lines. Hoskins was one of the men in the group. [5] Mosby's command operated mainly within the distance a horse could travel in a day's hard riding, approximately 25 miles (40km) in any direction from Middleburg, Virginia. Younger Rangers called him Major, probably a combined result of youthful impertinence and an abiding respect for ones elders. I visited some of these sites not long ago on a sunny Sunday afternoon. Revolvers in the hands of Mosby's men were as effective in surprise engagements as a whole line of light ordnance in the hands of the enemy. He had faced it a thousand times. Attended Princeton University prior tothe war. Conrad, W.G. The Union viewed them as unsoldierly: a loose band of roving thieves. He wasconnected with the wholesale drug firmof James Bailey & Son in Baltimore afterthe war. From Wikipedia: The Partisan Ranger Act allowed Davis to form a group of partisan rangers. Worked for several years as theclerk of the Court of Common Pleas inBaltimore, and as a U.S. Army paymasterin 1888. A constant irritant for Mosby over the past three months had been Blazers Scouts, the 100-man counterguerrilla force acquired by Sheridan in August. Mosby experimented with some small artillery pieces but quickly stopped their use as they were of little practicality for the type of lightning fast hit and run raids his forces were conducting. Title, Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Sheridan Launches Counterguerrilla Forces, cedar creek & belle grove national historical park. Organizedthe 1897 Mosby Ranger Reunion inBaltimore. A Union trooper rode up on Hoskins. As John Henry Alexander noted in Mosbys Men: Pray dont make the mistake of assigning William Hibbs among the non-combatants. Though his title was merely in courtesy of his quasi office of quartermaster, no braver man followed Mosby. He was going home to meet the Savior whom he served and to meet the beloved wife whose presence could not but enhance the glory of heaven itself for him. On November 18th, near Kabletown, West Virginia, about eight miles north of Berryville, Richards and his rangers trapped Blazers troopers, charged, and killed, captured, and scattered the Federals. Mosby summed up his operations quite simply: My purpose was to weaken the armies invading Virginia, by harassing their rear to destroy supply trains, to break up the means of conveying intelligence, and thus isolating an army from its base, as well as its different corps from each other, to confuse their plans by capturing their dispatches, are the objects of partisan war. Trenary, James F. In 1899, he was appointed general of the army. In that clash, Mosby and about 150 men ambushed and then attacked a 300-man detachment of the 2nd Massachusetts and 16th New York Cavalry regiments. Lawrence, Orde Wingate, David Stirling, and Aaron Bank. 6-10-63 in the 43rd Va. Cav. The rangers seized over 200 Federal soldiers, 500 horses and mules, 200 cattle, and about 100 wagons. Cab had earned Hibbs ire, but his playful exuberance created an even bigger quandary for himself on October 14, 1864, during the famed Greenback Raid, when Mosbys men derailed a train on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in Jefferson County, W.Va., seizing $172,000 in paper currency from two Union army paymasters. He said he heard the noise the train made when it ran off the track and knew the men were gathering the spoils and did not think it was fair for him to be away picketing for their benefit. They also performed raids in Maryland.[6]. Reed was then killed by another Ranger, William Chapman. The next day, April 21st, 1865, Colonel John Singleton Mosby disbanded his ranger battalion, but never officially surrendered. After the passengers were removed, rangers burned the train. Died July 8, 1869. A New Jersey Yankee now living in the area of Virginia known as "Mosby's Confederacy" during the Civil War, curator Kathleen Golden shares what she finds so interesting about John S. Mosbythe ranger, fugitive, friend of President Ulysses S. Grant, diplomat, and inspiration for a 1950s television showon his 180th birthday. In recognition of his service, Hoskins was awarded the Crimea War Medal with clasps for Alma, Inkermann, and Sebastapol. Relevance The first purpose was to take control over guerrilla warfare and decide who would and would not be able to use it. An officer of the StuartMosby Historical Society in Centreville, Va., Buckland has written several books and frequently delivers presentations focused on the men who rode with Mosby. He can be contacted at info@mosbymen.com. Federal casualties were reportedly 42 while the Confederates lost five. Live a Nautical Lifestyle. This was not a custom, however; someone generally ran to cover after the revolvers were emptied. The total tally for the 43rd Battalion by October 1864 was 1,600 horses and mules, 230 beef cattle, 85 wagons and ambulances, and 1,200 captured, killed or wounded, including Union Brig. My Three Favorite (but obscure) War Movies, Innovation on Morse Code for the US Military, Lone Survivor uncovered: The ambush at Sawtalo Sar, Adam Brown: A SEALs Life of Courage and Redemption, Complete List: Ticonderoga-class Missile Cruisers To Retire By 2027, Nuclear Close Calls That Nearly Caused World War III, Russian Sausage Millionaire and Putin Critic Falls to His Death in India, Deadly Russian Rifle Brigade Wiped Out During War in Ukraine. Mosby asked him, have you ever heard of Mosby? The general replied, Have you captured him? at which time Mosby said, I am Mosby, he said. Yesterday a friend paid this tribute: A man of exemplary character and spotless integrity, Colonel Chapman lived a life of simple and natural religion. By February of 1864 under pressure from General Lee and other senior officers, the Partisan Ranger Act was repealed and all but two guerrilla groups were disbanded. He was soon granted a commission as a Major and assembled two companies of cavalry and eight of infantry called the Virginia Volunteers and took part in the first Battle of Bull Run. Whether it was the family road trip toGettysburgor thestampalbum I had featuring all of the generals that got me hooked, I now consider myself very lucky to work among Civil War objects. The only difference is in the danger . They were married on June 28, 1864, the same day Sam gained the rank of captain and assumed command of Company E of the 43rd Battalion. Engraving reproduced from Scott, p.210. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House to The Mosby's Rangers had secured $168,000 from two paymasters of Gen. P.H. Mosby later wrote that Stuart, made me all that I was in the warthe best friend I ever had.. Federal Brig. There were two purposes of the Partisan Ranger Act. The letters had been fromcorrespondence his grandmother hadconducted with those luminaries. Farewell. But as I recalled how cruelly I had spurred him to the chase the evening before, how without a groan of protest he responded the best he could, and how patiently he had stood with me, all unconscious of his suffering, on that lonely, miserable watch, I was not ashamed to throw my arms around his neck and weep out of my grief and contrition. You must become a subscriber or login to view or post comments on this article. He was wounded twice in battle but was able to return to duty quickly each time. . Hibbs had another moniker of which he was exceedingly proud. We had no reason to use a blue uniform as a disguise, for there was no occasion to do so. Reference: 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, Mosby's Command. There were two purposes of the Partisan Ranger Act. Hoskins did not lose his sense of wanderlust and ventured to Canada late in 1861. Sheridan also acquired the scouting and counterguerrilla services of the 100-man Blazers Scouts under the command of Captain Richard Blazer. Sheridans advance into the Valley stalled. They hold shooting contests, and trade tobacco for coffee. In a bit of an interesting twist of fate, after the war, Mosby became a political ally and close confidant to President Ulysses S. Grant, his former enemy during the war and served as a consul to Hong Kong. By the summer of 1864, Mosby's battalion had grown to six cavalry companies and one artillery company, comprising about 400 men. With James MacArthur, Nick Adams, Jack Ging, Kurt Russell. In 1871,he married Louisa Sophia Wigfall, thedaughter of Senator Louis TrezevantWigfall (a former member of both theU.S. and Confederate senates). . Mosby was promoted to colonel dating from December 7th. Today, theMosby Heritage Area Associationruns tours and educational programs to educate folks about Mosby's Confederacy. You can also visit theStuart-Mosby Civil War Cavalry Museumin Centreville, Virginia. Inc. JOSHUA WARFIELD RIGGS,Private, Company D. Served in the 1st Virginia Cavalry andthe 1st Maryland Cavalry prior to joiningMosby. Although guerrillas, or partisan rangers, Mosbys men were subject to the Articles of War and Army Regulations within General Lees Army of Northern Virginia. I suspect that with the addition of accoutrements,they didnt look much differnt . He formed a group of his best fighters around the gun and prepared to make what amounted to a last stand. One occurred on March 30th, 1865, when five rangers trapped two Federals at the Daniel Bonham farm about three miles west of Berryville. Engraving reproduced from Major John Scott. He survived, however, living until 1929. He took part in Stuarts famous ride around McClellans army but was captured on July 20, while waiting for a train at Beaverdam Depot. "[20] All men had at least two; Mosby himself as many as six, since a few miles at a flat-out run would exhaust even the best horseand Mosby's men were constantly either running toward or away from the federals. Conrad, Charles The 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry primarily comprised Virginians and a contingent of Marylanders. Confederate Congress revoked the authority of all partisan units, except for "The rangers had some of the best horses in a region known for raising great horses. Mosby's Rangers Are Born: Mosby created his force under the auspices of the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 which sought to recruit irregulars for service into the Confederate States Army during the . Served in the 1st Maryland Cavalrybefore joining Mosby. One day in Richmond wounded and eliciting the sympathy of every one capable of appreciating the daring deeds of the boldest and most successful partisan leader the war has producedthree days afterwards surprising and scattering a Yankee force at Salem as if they were frightened sheep fleeing before a hungry wolfand then before the great mass of the people are made aware of the particulars of this dashing achievement, he has swooped around and cut the Baltimore and Ohio roadthe great artery of communication between East and West, capturing a mail train and contents, and constituting himself, by virtue of the strength of his own right arm, and the keen blade it wields, a receiver of army funds for the United States. At the same time Yankee soldiers splashed across Jacob's Ford, the Gray Ghost gathered 125 troopers in Rectortown. As the fiery Covenanter rode on his predestined course the enemys ranks withered wherever he went. This sort of shooting left the enemy with a good many empty saddles after an engagement. The meeting ended without an agreement. Northern newspapers and Unionists referred to them as guerrillas, a term of opprobrium at the time. Many years past military age, he rode side by side with his own sons, in the foremost ranks, and his poor maimed and scarred body attested to his familiarity with hot battle., Hibbs did revel in the name, and his tombstone in Mount Zion Baptist Church Cemetery in Aldie, Va., is clearly marked MAJOR Wm. partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. In his memoirs, John Munson stated that if the objective was simply "to annoy the enemy," they succeeded. A lieutenant in the Prussian army, he had come in search of adventure with Confederate forces. Death had no terror for him. Hoskins died on June 2, 1863, and was buried in the Greenwich Presbyterian Churchs cemetery. Proposing the idea of leading a band of riders to conduct guerrilla warfare in northern Virginia, Mosby convinced Stuart and Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee to authorize a company of rangers in January 1863. Date Released Enlisted as a private in the Washington(Va.) Mounted Rifles on May 14, 1861. Ranger John Munson wrote, usually a young fellow who joined Mosbys command came with romantic ideas of the partisan rangers existence. Adding to the lure of ranger life, Mosby allowed his troopers to keep plunder from raids, if men got rewardsof horses and arms, they were more devoted to the cause.. Soldiers: I have summoned you together for the last time. The Rangers preferred carrying multiple revolvers as their weapons of choice and believed that sabers were rattling nuisances. The 43rd Battalion was formed on June 10, 1863 at Rector's Cross Roads, near Rectortown, Virginia, when John S. Mosby formed Company A of the battalion. Mosbys Partisan Ranger career began in late December 1862 when his commander and mentor, Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Gen. J.E.B. General Rosser erred here indicating ignorance of Mosby's tactics, as it has been tirelessly repeated that Mosby's men rejected the saber for the much more efficient six shot pistol. A young Private in the Confederate Army, Willie Prentiss, is assigned to guard a remote river outpost during the American Civil War. He was captured in April 1864 andspent the remainder of the war at Fort Warren. Sheridan had burned out most of the farms and crops. After over a year of successful raids to harass the enemy, gather intelligence, and strike Federal supply lines east of Virginias Blue Ridge Mountains, a new Federal threat appeared west of the Blue Ridge in the breadbasket of the Confederacy, the Shenandoah Valley. You select the Union targets for your raids and decide which actions Mosby's . I crossed over with the prisoners among the first. With the Valley relatively secure, but infuriated by Mosbys raids, Sheridan unleashed his cavalry to wipe out the rangers east of the Blue Ridge. R. Roland Sergeant. He did not invent the concept or techniques of guerrilla warfare, but during the Civil War, he certainly refined and executed them with impressive efficiency and effectiveness. Compton, Z.T. He HARRIS CHAMBERLAINBLANCHARD,Private, Artillery Company. All six victims were either shot or hanged and three were buried in Front Royals Prospect Hill Cemetery. Mosby got his first chance to attack Sheridan early on August 13th, 1864. Only three men in the Confederate army knew what I was doing or intended to do; they were Lee and Stuart and myself. In1904, he was recorded residing at theMaryland Line Confederate SoldiersHome in Baltimore. [24], Virginian newspapers were eager to carry articles about Mosby's Rangers. Early Service And Unit Beginning: Mosby was against secession from the Union, however when the war began, he enlisted in the Confederate infantry as a private, having decided that he couldnt turn against his home state. He was admitted to the insaneward at Bellevue Hospital in August. A small, intrepid mounted force could charge a much larger one, and with the terrorizing advantage of surprise, rout them. The Partisan Ranger Act resulted in many Southerners believing that any of form of guerrilla warfare was now being approved. Frances was a milliner and opened a shop in town while Miletus ran a general store. The young family moved into a two-story brick house on Harrison . A seventh captured ranger was executed later. CLAIBORNE ROBINSON,Private, Company D. Lived in Baltimore after the war. Mosby twice offered his services to Early with little response. Since the close of the war, I have come to know Colonel Mosby personally and somewhat intimately. He was acting under the authority of General Robert E. Lee, who had granted him permission to raise a company in January 1863 under the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 in which the Confederate Congress authorized the formation of such units. He soon returned to Prussia. After Federal victories at Third Winchester and Fishers Hill, rangers again entered the Valley seeking ways to disrupt Sheridans lines of communication. Recently Updated He was now reviled in much of his home state of Virginia for his friendship with Grant. But he often related the circumstance after the war. He was a postwar merchant inboth Baltimore and Indianapolis. Here are the stories of some of the most memorable of that lot. Inside the trains paymasters box was cash worth $173,000, which Mosby later divided between his ranger participants, about $2,100 apiece. 8. Great-grandson of John Henley, a signerof the Declaration of Independence. The battalion never formally surrendered, but was disbanded on April 21, 1865, after Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House to Ulysses S. Grant but not before it had attempted to negotiate surrender with Major General Winfield S. Hancock in Millwood, Virginia. Nofurther information available. On later reflection, Lee concluded that whatever the military utility of the rangers in the larger scheme of things, Mosby was "zealous bold, and skillful, and with very small resources he has accomplished a great deal. Buck, Rosters of men who served Virginia from the lower Shenandoah Valley. Trenary, B. Henry's parents, Miletus and Frances Harris, had moved to Scottsville from Louisa County about 1837. Post War: Mosby was only 31 when the war ended, but was constantly harassed by occupying Union troops. Brigadier General Thomas Rosser (with the support of Generals Jubal Early and Fitz Lee) urged disbanding Mosby's command in a letter addressed to General Robert E. Lee. Mosby often played up his exploits to gain attention in the press for his unit and to emphasize the fact that the 43rd Battalion was a legitimate military command within the command structure of the Confederate States of America's army. Eric Buckland retired from the U.S. Army as a lieutenant colonel after spending the majority of his 22-year career in Special Forces. Remy Van Lierde: The Belgian WWII Ace Who Encountered a 50 Feet Long Snake? This continued until late in November 1864 when Mosby wrote to General Philip Sheridan and requested that both sides return to treating prisoners of war more humanely. Brown, Eugene Sam provided Mosby with an indelible memory that the Gray Ghost shared in his Mosbys War Reminiscences and Stuarts Cavalry Campaigns: There was with me that day a young artillery officerSamuel F. Chapmanwho at the first call of his State to arms had quit the study of divinity and become, like Stonewall Jackson, a sort of military Calvin, singing the psalms of David as he marched into battle. Sort By: After February 1864, the Read Next: Oldest Merrills Marauder MG Milton Pitcher Dies at 100. On November 26, 1863, the Army of the Potomac departed Culpeper County to initiate the Mine Run Campaign. The 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion, also known as Mosby's Rangers, Mosby's Raiders, or Mosby's Men, was a battalion of partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.Noted for their lightning strike raids on Union targets and their ability to consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and supply lines. one artillery company, comprising about 400 men. As Massow passed Reed, the Union captain shot him in the back and out of the saddle. Although most of the Federals had passed, the wagon train of the Union Cavalry Corps was vulnerable. The struggle ebbed and waned, but sheer numbers on the Union part and dwindling ammunition on the Rangers part soon tilted the fight in favor of the Northerners. An interview with historian Richard M. McMurry on his 2023 book, The Civil Wars of General Joseph E. Johnston, Confederate States Army., History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Small, harassing raids continued in the Valley until October 14th when Mosby and approximately eighty rangers conducted the Greenback Raid near Duffields Station, about seven miles west of Harpers Ferry. Fortunately, for the disgruntled Chapmans, John Mosby began his unconventional operations in early 1863 in close proximity to where the Chapmans were stationed. This meant that partisan rangers would have the same rules, supplies, and pay as the regular soldiers of the army, but they would be acting independently and were going to be detached from the rest of the army. Although I was surrounded by Revolutionary War history as a kid growing up in New Jersey, I much preferred the Civil War. If attacked themselves, the guerrillas would sometimes ride away a brief distance and then round on their attackers and charge back into them, panicking and scattering them in the melee. Charging with a yell, then firing their Colt revolvers, Russell and the Rangers scattered most of the Federals. 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