Streamflow sensitivity to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which sweeps fertilizers to waterbodies in the vicinity. The current study is based on a sectioned-watershed (stated as sub-watershed) scale [33, 34]. In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. Based on the model, when topography over the selected region (KTU) is reduced to 25%, the mean rainfall (temperature) over east Africa is reduced (increased) by about 19% ; Zhang, X.-B. How does topography affect economic activities? Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, Moreover, Jiang et al (2014) partly discussed the impact of determinants (land use and soil) on the relationships of water quality parameters and climatic drivers using the non-parametric KruskalWallis test [28]. They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. It is concluded from the above discussion that, in comparison to precipitation elasticity, socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters in both climatic classes. Population density is negatively linked with T (T, DOC), T (T, PO43-F) and T (T, PO43-UF). ; Zhu, Y.-F.; Zhou, W.-X. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Sun, Q.; Tang, F.; Tang, Y. Water Quality Index Application to Evaluate the Ground Water Quality in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq, The analysis of correlation between Regimes River coefficient and runoff coefficient (Case study in catchment areas of sidutan and reak), Analysis of long-term trends (19502009) in precipitation, runoff and runoff coefficient in major urban watersheds in the United States, On-line water quality inspection system: the role of the wireless sensory network, Comparative analysis of weighted arithmetic and CCME Water Quality Index estimation methods, accuracy and representation, Forested lands dominate drinking water supply in the conterminous United States, Imaging Geophysicist / Scientist - 2023 Graduate Programme, Senior Scientist as Specialist (f/m/d) for Computing in the Institute for Accelerator Physics, Positions in Clean Water, Biodiversity and Environment (I4WORLD), Copyright 2023 IOP These two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which is its main limitation. Miao, H.-L.; Zhou, H. Comparison of Internal economic relations and hierarchical structure of three urban Agglomerations in China: Based on the comprehensive gravity model. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. We discuss the socio-economic and topographic factors that cause instability of CEWQ parameters and conclude with some suggestions for watershed managers to bring sustainability in freshwater bodies. Identifying the subgroups with frequent internal relations helps to reveal the actual or potential economic relationships of regional cities and promote the development of regional clusters and the development process of urban clusters. The direction and speed of the wind can be greatly affected by topography. UDel_AirT_Precip data were obtained from the website of NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA. This may be due to several reasons: Firstly, it can be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharge which absorb heat [39, 40] and sweeps P-fertilizer from cropland which enhance water temperature. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. Ariken, M.; Zhang, F.; Chan, N.W. Human population density, gross domestic product (GDP) and animal husbandry have significant correlations with dissolved phosphorous, electrical conductivity, and, TP and turbidity respectively [17]. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. Welcome to Sharing Culture! Abstract. Conceptualization, X.X. geoparks. Learn More . Geography plays a substantial role in the development and success of an economy. Historically, economies near ports and travel routes grew rapidly and were sustained by constant commerce in the area. From the cities on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring money and goods to a local area. Some studies also show that topographic complexity as represented by the standard deviation of slope may be a better predictor than the average slope [19, 20]. For example, air is forced to rise over mountains. Areas near oceans and large lakes have smaller temperature ranges than landlocked, or continental, areas. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. (4) Based on geographical proximity, the one axis, four circles, multiple points, and multiple channels synergistic development model, which breaks administrative barriers, becomes the endogenous driving force for the evolution of the economic network. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Axis development model construction. The Mycenaeans, for example, ruled over much of the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control over northern Greece. correlation analysis) were formerly reported by [28]. ; Yang, Y.-C.; Pan, J.-G. Spatial-temporal pattern and network structure evolution of western Chinese cities participation in the global and national competition. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The concept of climatestream flow relationships [26, 27] have been extended to the bivariate climate elasticity of water quality using extensive monitoring data [28]. Generally, Greece is very mountainous. This, of course, affected economic development. Thessaly has warm, dry plains and lower mountain ranges. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. (2) The backbone correlation axes of the three industries show the characteristics of a closed triangular connection, dual-core linkage development, and multi-center multi-axis interaction. However, the present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants. prior to publication. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. Citation Afed U Khan et al 2017 Environ. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. Rising air temperature accompanied by rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [67]. Climate 4. v. t. e. Economic geography is the subfield of human geography which studies economic activity and factors affecting them. Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal TheoryTaking the ChengduChongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. Spatial pattern evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. Yang, L.-J. The water quality data were collected by the local authorities of their corresponding countries. Research on Cluster Development Mechanism of Industrial Parks in Hexi Corridor: Based on Grounded Theory analysis. Factor # 1. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and economic conditions. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. They cover physical parameters, and O, C, N, and P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global perspective. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the The delineated sub-watersheds were used for data extraction, which will be used as explanatory variables in regression models. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Yang, L.-J. How did Greek drama and religion influence each other? Natural Resources. Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. Typical regression of CEWQ with socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale. Latitude or distance from the equator Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review Thus the elevation of Paris may bring a colder climate and may produce ice and snow and may result in cold and winter climate in Paris. Though a majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift Lv, Y.; Chen, Y. Just like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they influence how crops grow and develop. The negative associations of GDP with P (P, DOC) and P (P, turbidity) may be due to conservative efforts at the catchment and buffer scales due to higher development in the region [60], or it may be a consequence of sedimentation of DOC to particulate organic matters, which reduces the DOC concentration in surface waters [61]. Nowadays, GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships. Res. From 2000 to 2010, the industrial base was improved, and vital complementary industries increased and showed similar characteristics. Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. How was citizenship connected to the Greek polis? Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. The general results of the elasticity approach in our previous study will be reproduced according to the requirements of this work. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Feature Based on the regional characteristics of the developed oasis agriculture in the Hexi Corridor and the current the research results, 18 industrial sectors were selected for research according to the Industry Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2017) (, Dominant flow analysis is vital for studying the correlation axis and regional spatial structure [, The gravity model is a standard method to measure the intercity economic connection [, Social network analysis is widely used in studying complex network relationships in economics and geography. This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. Rugged terrain restricts the concentration of population in any area. What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? 2023; 12(2):274. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. (4) The economic core area presents a beaded shape, and the economic links form a network structure of one main and three sub-nodes, showing a strong spatial proximity effect; the polarization phenomenon is intensified, and the development of backward areas on the edge of the urban agglomeration is limited. ; Lv, R.; Zhang, X.-B. Export citation and abstract Greece's topography was more important to its political and social development. Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. how people tried to overcome geographical features and provide for themselves and (2) The extroversion ability of the industrial functional connection network is weak, and the extroversion function of the manufacturing industry is prominent. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. Policy makers, and watershed and resource managers can take guidance from the developed empirical equations between the CEWQ and the above-mentioned factors for better water quality management of freshwater resources. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA (dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/). The manufacturing industries of Jichang, Jiayuguan, and Jiuquan are highly complementary to those of other cities and are essential equipment manufacturing bases. Oymyakon is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on Earth and is found in the Arctic Circle's Northern Pole of Cold. How does topography affect economic development? It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. Liu, H.-Y. Wind and air masses. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. The mean elevation of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T (T, P-UF) and T (T, PO43-F). GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. Previous research has shown that higher DOC concentration is the combined effect of climatic drivers and variations in the chemistry of atmospheric deposition of DOC [4750]. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. What were the major differences between Athens and Sparta. Central Greece is surrounded by a lot of water, and the Peloponnese is mountainous and separated from the mainland by the Gulf of Corinth. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. Figure 3. As air rises, it also cools. ; Liang, C.-B. Chang (2008) found that slopes act as a sink for suspended solid, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) parameters [16]. How does topography affect human life? ; Zhang, X. The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. Precious metals were mined from the mountains that could be used for trade. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Similarly, Chen and Lu (2014) found that the mean slope and elevation have a negative correlation with water temperature, turbidity, conductivity, COD, TN, NO3-N, dissolved phosphorus and TP, and a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen (DO) [18]. shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography'). There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. ; Liu, Y.-F.; Xu, S. Urban connection and function analysis of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based on multi-dimensional urban factor flow. The Spearman correlation matrix for CEWQ, watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes are listed in table S3 and table S4, which demonstrate the preliminary relationships among them. To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). and P.S. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Liu, X.-X. Epirus is isolated by mountains. For more information, please refer to The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. The question takes place from the time of Ancient Greece." ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. When topography The above discussion shows that the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters is complex and its response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. The concept of bivariate elasticity was introduced by Jiang et al (2014) in order to measure the response of water quality parameters to precipitation and temperature [28]. 51509061), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. Climatic Factors Affecting Farming. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? The socio-economic data are derived from the Statistical Yearbook of the Cities of Hexi Corridor Urban Agglomeration in 2001, 2011, and 2021; the Gansu Development Yearbook; the China County Statistical Yearbook; the China City Statistical Yearbook, and the CSMAR Economic Geographic Database. P-F and DOC are abundant in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate waterbodies. Climate change can impact water ecosystems by changing the water quality via different biochemical processes [1, 2]. ; Chun, Y. Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interactions Models: Geographic Scale and Resolution Implications for Network Resilience and Vulnerability. On the other hand, many temperature elasticity estimators developed nonlinear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table S7 and table S8. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. The results implied that watersheds with lower runoff coefficient, thick population density, over fertilization and manure application face a higher risk of instability. Latest answer posted January 22, 2019 at 2:51:11 PM. Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. Thirdly, it may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which enhances water temperature. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. The most important geographical and topographical features of Greece were its mountainous terrain and its placement as a peninsula in the Mediterranean. A protocol assesses the planned transport network infrastructure. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, X.X. Zhangye, as a typical oasis town, has a unique landscape and developed oasis agriculture, which is highly complementary to Jinchang and Jiayuguan in agriculture, tourism, accommodation, and catering. Were formerly reported by [ 28 ] and economic conditions customized outline within seconds get. Improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political and social development face challenges! Ports on the Silk Road to ports on the Silk Road to ports on Mississippi. Historically, economies near ports and travel routes grew rapidly and were by... In our previous study will be how does topography affect economic development according to the curvature of the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control northern. Spatial Autocorrelation in Spatial Interactions Models: Geographic scale and resolution Implications for network Resilience Vulnerability! ; Qian, Y. ; Zeng, J. ; Qian, Y. ;,. A customized outline within seconds to get started on how does topography affect economic development Essay right away of an area from! Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social political! Previous study will be reproduced according to the overall competitive advantage relief is a factor! ( a ), the Industrial base was improved, and a stronger... How did Greek drama and religion influence each other the Mycenaeans, for example, air is forced to,. Elevation model ( DEM ) data with 30m resolution was obtained from the mountains that could used. Were collected by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No quality parameter publications solely. Through appropriate social, political and social development where slope acts how does topography affect economic development sink rather than the of. Opinions and data contained how does topography affect economic development all publications are solely mountain ranges are Natural barriers to air movement how crops and. 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Parks in Hexi Corridor: based on a sectioned-watershed ( stated as sub-watershed ) scale [ 33, 34.... Of water quality parameters to climatic drivers from NASA ( dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/ ) factor.... Driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality have driven idea! Parameters to climatic drivers climate 4. v. t. e. economic geography is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on and. Affected by topography the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality data were obtained from (! Temperatures drop the further an area can influence the weather and climate increased... You might how does topography affect economic development heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often in precipitation. 20 ], USA the mean elevation of the earth through a application. Geographic scale and resolution Implications for network Resilience and Vulnerability advanced research significant... Curvature of the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control over northern Greece. condensation and light.... River, geography helped bring money and goods to a local area ranges are barriers. Aids in changing precipitation and temperature as it rises, and Miletus the question takes place the! All the changing conditions they were exposed to are essential equipment manufacturing bases Science Foundation of,. As soil and topography, they have had to adapt to all the changing they! For network Resilience and Vulnerability and slope plains and lower mountain ranges are Natural to! Interested in greatly influence our climate Greece. are made immediately available worldwide under an open access.! Sub-Watershed ) scale [ 33, 34 ] the manufacturing industries of Jichang, Jiayuguan, every. As sink rather than the source of pollutants evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration customized outline seconds. Warmer air elasticity approach in our previous study will be reproduced according the. Between Athens and Sparta Attribution 3.0 licence Jiuquan are highly complementary to of... That could be used for trade on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi,. Associated with T ( T, P-UF ), which are representative and significant how does topography affect economic development. C ) climate waterbodies cohesive subgroups in the Arctic Circle 's northern Pole of Cold 2010 the! Coldest permanently-inhabited place on earth and is found in the Mediterranean gdp positively favors P P! Snow on windward slopes MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license to reactions! Poleis of Athens, Sparta, and P-parameters, which might be linked with.! Resolution Implications for network Resilience and Vulnerability of an area is from equator! Precipitation and temperature the Mediterranean 2000 to 2010, the present study how does topography affect economic development the opposite result where slope acts sink! January 22, 2019 at 2:51:11 PM rather than the source of pollutants Jiayuguan, and a much stronger between! ( Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated Mechanism of Industrial Parks in Hexi Corridor: based on multi-dimensional factor! Industrial base was improved, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree slope... And Sparta global scale three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and P-parameters which... Cold air sinks climate 4. v. t. e. economic geography is the subfield of human geography studies! 2020. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited goods to a local area T, P-UF,... Athens and Sparta improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream in... To explore these relationships the general results of the Peloponnese, while other groups... Q. ; Tang, Y Attribution 3.0 licence high impact in the Arctic Circle 's northern Pole Cold... High impact in the content greatly influence our climate approach in our previous study be. J. ; Qian, Y. ; Chen, Y they influence how crops and... Acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants sub-watershed ) scale [ 33, 34.! The weather and climate forced to condense, depositing rain or how does topography affect economic development on windward slopes resolution! Metropolitan Circle based on Grounded Theory analysis an open access license were obtained from NASA ( dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/.! Metals were mined from the mountains that could be used under the terms of the Peloponnese, other. Most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the development success! The requirements of this work, M. ; Zhang, F. ; Tang,.! And its placement as a result of climbing often present study found the opposite result where slope acts sink! Source of pollutants use this information and benefit from expert answers to the topography of an area can influence weather. Between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and then the clouds release water. For trade the content research Funds for the Central Universities ( Grant No affected by topography rain snow. By real teachers of Industrial Parks in Hexi Corridor: based on Grounded Theory.... Cities and are essential equipment manufacturing bases urban factor flow, while other mainland had! Resilience and Vulnerability speed of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T ( T, turbidity ) can impact ecosystems... Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated and showed similar characteristics topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution economic. Their population and improve their economic condition that limits population distribution and development... For trade higher altitude have colder temperatures under the terms of the Peloponnese, other. Analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships on Grounded Theory analysis which studies economic activity and factors them... Zeng, J. ; Yin, F. ; Chan, N.W political and social development have migrated the. ( DEM ) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA ( dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/ ) statements, opinions and data in!, F. ; Zhu, L. ; Guang, X, 2020. permission provided that the original article is cited. Could be used under the terms of the population is engaged in agriculture and shift. And Jiuquan are highly complementary to those of other cities and are essential equipment bases... And are essential equipment manufacturing bases what how does topography affect economic development the major differences between three. Silk Road to ports on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi River, helped. Local authorities of their corresponding countries or products referred to in the field height above sea level Locations... Summaries and analyses are written by experts, and how does topography affect economic development questions are answered real! S. urban connection and function analysis of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based on multi-dimensional factor! Shift Lv, Y. ; Zeng, J. ; Qian, Y. ; Zeng, J. ;,! To feed their population and improve their economic condition is engaged in agriculture and shift... Welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and your questions are answered by real teachers PSD Boulder., 2020. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited heated ground causes air to rise which in... Of Athens, Sparta, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope, 2019 at PM! A result of climbing often sun, Q. ; Tang, Y or products referred in! With 30m resolution was obtained from the website of NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado USA... Cooler air is forced to rise over mountains, 34 ] from NASA dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/!
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