And once they did, it led to soul-searching about how to handle it. In 1889 John F. Stevens, the lead engineer of his company, found the Marias Pass, which was the lowest crossing region of the Rocky Mountain. James J. Hill House Rugged stone, massive scale, fine detail and ingenious mechanical systems recall the powerful presence of James J. Hill, builder of the Great Northern Railway. Near the end of his life, Hill played what a recent biographer, Albro Martin, called his "last and greatest role." Nancy, David and his brother Frank were notorous outlaws during the economic downturn be carried was james j hill descendants today by family. He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest. A childhood accident with a bow and arrow blinded him in the right eye. We do not care enough for Rocky Mountains scenery to spend a large sum of money developing it. Drawing on his experience in the development of Minnesota's Iron Range, Hill was, during 19111912, in close contact with Gaspard Farrer of Baring Brothers & Company of London regarding the formation of the Brazilian Iron Ore Company to tap that nation's rich mineral deposits. In addition, he donated to numerous schools, including the Saint Paul Seminary. Boeckmann had been a football hero for the University of Minnesota. Hill's historic home is located next to the cathedral, largely due to the special relationship Hill's wife, a practicing Catholic, had with the Diocese. The threat of a real economic panic loomed. But he isnt front and center.. Its a tale of high finance and amazing fortune, befitting St. Pauls larger-than-life railroad baron. The key to the Great Northern line was Hill's use of the previously unmapped Marias Pass. His father was a hired farmer, who received employment occasionally at Ontario in Canada. Morgan, acting on behalf of his friend, ordered his men to buy everything they could get their hands on. Hills son Louis persuaded him to buy it, Brunfelt said. Through this work, he learned all aspects of the freight and transportation business. He also took strong measures to economizein just one year, Hill cut the railway's expense of carrying a ton of freight by thirteen percent. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as The Empire Builder. In May 1879, the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Co. (StPM&M) formedwith James J. Hill as general manager. It closed at $8.10 a share, roughly what shareholders can expect in a final payout. James Jerome Hill (1838 - 1916) James Jerome Hill Born 16 Sep 1838 in Eramosa Township, Upper Canada, British North America Son of James Hill Sr. and Ann (Dunbar) Hill [sibling (s) unknown] Husband of Mary Theresa (Mehegan) Hill married 19 Aug 1867 in Saint Paul, Ramsey, Minnesota, United States Descendants Born in Virginia in 1825, Hill was a career military officer and graduate of West Point who served in the Mexican-American and Seminole Wars before leading Confederate troops in a series of key. James J. Hill, nicknamed the Empire Builder, embodied the archetypal American story of success, rising from poor dock clerk to multimillionaire railroad magnate. His ability to ride out the depression garnered him fame and admiration. He was the first major donor to the Marquette University School of Medicine. But in a nod to the unique situation, she wrote, This is truly uncharted territory; there is no map the trustees can consult.. ) Hill, James Norman Hill, Louis W. Hill, Clara Anne Lindley (born Hill), Katherine Theresa Hill, Charlotte Elizabeth Slade (born Hill), Sep 16 1838 - Eramosa Township, Ontario, Canada, Mary Elizabeth Hill, Alexander Samuel Dunbar Hill. Hill Capital is a venture capital fund established in 2016 "aligned with James J. Hill's belief in the cooperation of the production, distribution and exchange of wealth as outlined in his writings". The Hills shrewdly included a group of children among the founders, insuring the trust would last a very long time. 70Th year, was born on 25 September 1956 at little Falls N businessman James J. of. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as "The Empire Builder". What to expect; First visit; FAQ; It was in the season of winter that the Mississippi River froze and trading via steamboats was hindered. It was there that he studied algebra, mathematics, geometry, land surveying and English. From 1937 to 1951, Mr. Hill served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. At the start, it took the Hill family a few years to fully explore and understand what they owned. In 1891, after three years of building, construction was completed on a new Hill family home on Summit Avenue in St. Paul. It is still active, and if you add the Hibbing Taconite Pit to it, it stretches for five miles now, Brunfelt said. In 1995, Burlington Northern merged with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to become the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. Have you taken a DNA test? "James J. Hill and the Trade with the Orient. Largest Database of New Mexico Mugshots. The introduced crop weed in Western US wheat-growing areas Sisymbrium altissimum also has a common name "Jim Hill Mustard", after the belief by farmers that it was spread from contaminated seed leaking out of railway stock along the railroads he controlled. They had ten children: By early 1916 Hill began pouring more attention into philanthropy, donating thousands of dollars to various institutions as he privately struggled with a variety of increasingly painful ailments. He never really explained that the (railroads) major stockholders were the founding partners and their families so it really didnt cause them any harm financially., (But it did allow Hill in 1907 to testify, somewhat disingenuously, that he hadnt made the value of a postage stamp, directly or indirectly, out of the transaction. A truer account came in 1912, when Hill told a congressional committee that the land hed bought for $4 million would yield $750 million in iron ore.). Home; Our Practice; Services; What to expect. Hill, Jr., was one of several young boys named as founders of the trust back when James J. Hill was alive, to keep the trust going for many years. James J. Hill is back in the news this month but not for his famous railroad. During the winter months when the Mississippi River was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won quite a few. By the time he had finished, he was adept at math, land surveying, and English. In 1891, after three years of building, construction was completed on Hill's new family home at 240 Summit Avenue in St. Paul. By 1889, Hill decided that his future lay in expanding into a transcontinental railroad. Map | Directions and Parking. With these friendly relations established, Hill managed to secure the industrializing Japanese order for 15,000 tons of rails against competition from England and Belgium. Samuel Hill was an executive at the Great Northern Railway when he married Mary Hill. The school, which was all-male, consolidated in 1971 with the all-female Archbishop Murray School to form Hill-Murray School in Maplewood, Minnesota. In 1929, the Great Northern Railway named its flagship passenger train the Empire Builder in his honor. When she met James Belton, a descendant of Prospect Hill slaves who had chosen not to emigrate, they both encountered someone whose life represented what their own might have been, had their. Hill's top aides were careless about details, bookkeeping, correspondence, and reports.[17]. The skill of book-keeping he had acquired as a clerk at Kentucky, before moving to Minnesota helped augment his knowledge and had landed him this job. In 1870 he partnered with a few acquaintances and began his own Red River Transportation Company, which offered steamboat freight shipping between St. Paul and Winnipeg. By 1889, Hill decided that his future lay in expanding into a transcontinental railroad. It is currently situated in front of More Hall, which is adjacent to the former on campus nuclear reactor building. Collecting the royalties required very little investment, beyond the initial price. He loved reading and also took to poetry. In The Great Gatsby, Hill is the man whom Gatsby's father says Gatsby would have equalled if he had lived long enough. Between 1856 and 1859 he prospered in a series of wood and coal merchandising partnerships. Louis Hill Jr. was the last surviving founder of the Great Northern Iron Ore Trust. As Hill started getting older, he suffered from several painful ailments. Mary Theresa Mehegan was born in New York City on July 1, 1846. It was designed by James Brodie, who also built the Hill house on Summit Avenue. "Minnesota, Death Records, 1866-1916," index and database. Hill sent Mary to finishing school in Milwaukee before their marriage in 1867 to prepare her for the impending change of stature in her life. His ability to ride out the depression garnered him fame and admiration. St. Paul, MN 55102 The winners of that truce were Hill and Morgan, who immediately formed the Northern Securities Company with the aim of tying together their three major rail lines (Ironically, the Burlington Route, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern would later merge in 1970 to form the Burlington Northern Railroad). Connecting junctions almost all over North America, it is to his merit that trade and occupations saw a leap in U.S.A. Holding on to his vivid ambition, he climbed up to the helm of Americas transportation business from being the son of a hired peasant. Those mineral holdings were put into a trust, to be called the Great Northern Iron Ore Properties. James J. Hill's son and grandson, Louis Hill and Louis Hill Jr., photographed in 1917. Hillsboro, North Dakota; Hill County, Montana; and Hillyard, Washington (now a neighborhood of Spokane) - are named for him. A bust of Hill is located on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. As he bought smaller lines, his wealth and power expanded greatly. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Husband of Mary T Hill and Mary Theresa Hill Built at a cost of $930,000 and with 36,000 square feet (3,300 m2), the James J. Hill House was among the city's largest. Therefore, Hill turned to his confidant and esteemed financer J.P Morgan. [12] The rapidly increasing settlement in North Dakota's Red River Valley along the Minnesota border between 1871 and 1890 was a major example of large-scale "bonanza" farming. In 1929, the Great Northern Railway inaugurated a long-distance passenger train extending from Chicago to Seattle, and named it the Empire Builder in his honor. And he built the iron ore docks, which made it possible to ship ore to distant cities like Cleveland; Gary, Ind. That includes the Mahoning. [8] Hill moved on without the benefit of a central company, and acquired the Colorado and Southern Railway lines into Texas. [14], In 1893, Hill began the process of looking for a source of labor other than Chinese workers. His death in 1995 triggered a 20-year countdown that ended April 6, 2015, with the dissolution of the trust. (Canadian-American railroad executive, Businessman) James Jerome Hill, a Canadian-American railroad executive and the greatest pioneer in the field of transcontinental railroads, was a visionary who transcended the dreams of a common man and went on to become 'The Empire Builder.'. Mary Hill died in 1922 and was buried next to her husband by the shore of Pleasant Lake (North Oaks, Minnesota) on their North Oaks farm. He also ran model experimental farms in Minnesota such as North Oaks to develop superior livestock and crop yields for the settlers locating near his railroads. Through this work, he learned all aspects of the freight and transportation business. Theres really no other trust like it., Yet there was another reason, at a time of rising public resentment toward wealthy industrialists and grim conditions at the mines. After the death of Hill's wife in 1921, the house was donated to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. He invested a considerable amount of profit back into the business, further expanding and upgrading the business, earning his position as president of the company. Hillsboro, North Dakota; Hill County, Montana; and Hillyard, Washington[23] (now a neighborhood of Spokane), are named for him. With his astute judgments and haggling skills, he managed to recover it from bankruptcy and even expanded the rails. And, oh my God, what happened when they bought that feeding an industrial boom that would transform Minnesota and the nation. As years passed he gradually became more philanthropic, he donated millions to the diseased and downtrodden, and especially extended financial aid to the victims of the Titanic tragedy. Paul and Pacific Railroad. Upon completion of the Summit Avenue residence, Hill had the family's old house, which he had constructed in 1878, razed. As it turned out, Hill had personally bought the great Mahoning mine, the motherlode that would feed Americas steel age and play major roles during two World Wars. Renamed the Great Northern Railway in 1890, it remained the "great adventure" of Hills life. One of his challenges at this point was the avoidance of federal action against railroads. Four of the daughters were married in the mansion, and five children later had homes on Summit Avenue. In September 1915, the first public loan, the $500,000,000 Anglo-French loan, was floated. After working as a clerk in Kentucky (during which he learned bookkeeping), Hill decided to permanently move to the United States and settled in St. Paul, Minnesota, at the age of 18. [8][9][10], Six months after the railroad reached Seattle came the deep nationwide depression called the Panic of 1893. But nobody knew how vast those deposits really were. [15], In this time he also began to focus his energies on securing trade with Asian countries. Many speculators, who had sold Northern Pacific "short" in the anticipation of a drop in the railroad's price, faced ruin. He ousted its president John Hendry, thereby worsening the problems, prolonging the delays, and adding to the costs of taking over the VW&Y. Hill was an avid collector and patron of the arts. James J. Hill was known as the "Empire Builder" for his work in founding and developing the Great Northern Railway from a local railroad serving Minnesota to a major transcontinental network connecting Chicago to Seattle.[1][2]. Copyright Privacy Information Policy Ticketing Policy, James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest, Harriman vs. Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest. Finances aside, there were some good reasons for separating the railroad from the ore holdings, historians say. Hill was born in Eramosa Township, Wellington County, Upper Canada (now Ontario). James J. Hill household, 1895 state census, Ramsey County, Minnesota, population schedule, Saint Paul, Ward 7, Precinct 2, page 89; GSU Film Number 000565801. He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest. She attended finishing school at St. Mary's Institute (Milwaukee, Wis., 1864-1867) and married James J. Hill on August 19, 1867. So the legacy of the Empire Builder is still around and goes far beyond what is now known as the BNSF Railway, or Hills most personal emblem, the massive stone mansion on St. Pauls Summit Avenue. She was the daughter of an Irish immigrant and was a pious catholic. In 1907 he made his son the owner of his business, yet his grit and determination led him to work daily, until just a week before he died. In 1850 she came with her family to St. Paul. He fell in love with a waitress, Mary Theresa Mehegan, at Merchants Hotel, where he often dined. Under his management, StPM&M prospered. That ore movement was absolutely critical. In St. Paul, the city's main library building and the adjoining Hill Business Library were funded by him. Over the next two decades, he worked relentlessly to push the line north to Canada and then west across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The house has many early electrical and mechanical systems that predate widespread adoption in modern domestic structures. In 1870, he and his partners started the Red River Transportation Company, which offered steam boat transportation between St. Paul and Winnipeg. The most famous home of the first construction boom was the James J. Hill House, built in 1891 in Richardsonian Romanesque style on the site of the original Edward Duffield Neill home.Owned by James. He began his career in transportation in 1856 as a 17-year-old clerk on the St. Paul levee. Search arrest records and find latests mugshots and bookings for Misdemeanors and Felonies. Paul and Pacific Railroad encountered huge losses and was bankrupt. American railroad promoter and financier (18381916), The Northern Pacific and the "short squeeze" of 1901, The Hill Lines survive the trust-busting era, Claire Strom, "Among Friends: The Power of Ethnicity in the Great Northern Railway Corporation,", Don L. Hofsommer, "Ore Docks and Trains: The Great Northern Railway and the Mesabi Range,", Frank Leonard, "Railroading a Renegade: Great Northern Ousts John Hendry in Vancouver,", Webvideo:James J. Hill and the Building of the Stone Arch Bridge, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, James J. Hill and the Building of His Railroad Empire, Harry Elmer Barnes: The World War of 19141918, Great Northern Lofts - Condo and Loft Directory, "James Hill legacy a wealth of information", "James J. Hill; An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society", Northern Pacific Railway Corporate Records, Mary Theresa Mehegan Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, James J. Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, The Destruction of a Wealth and Jobs Creator by Parasitical-Elites, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_J._Hill&oldid=1127524764, 19th-century American railroad executives, 20th-century American railroad executives, Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople, Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad people, Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada), Businesspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mary Francis Hill Hill (18691947), who married, Clara Anne Hill Lindley (18731947), who married, Katherine Theresa Hill (18751876) (died in infancy), Charlotte Elizabeth Hill Slade (18771923), who married, Rachel Hill Boeckmann (18811967), who married. Over 400 workers labored on the project. Hill and Debs agreed to arbitration by other business owners led by Charles Alfred Pillsbury. James is 18 degrees from Margaret Atwood, 19 degrees from Jim Carrey, 20 degrees from Elsie Knott, 21 degrees from Gordon Lightfoot, 23 degrees from Alton Parker, 19 degrees from Beatrice Tillman, 17 degrees from Jenny Trout, 20 degrees from Justin Trudeau, 23 degrees from Edwin Boyd, 18 degrees from Barbara Hanley, 27 degrees from Fanny Rosenfeld and 20 degrees from Cathryn Hondros on our single family tree. Eramosa Township, Upper Canada, British North America, Saint Paul, Ramsey, Minnesota, United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_J._Hill&oldid=707800972, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/hill_james_jerome_14E.html, Persons of National Historic Significance. Folks already knew the region had iron ore. It was his relentless hard work and business prowess that led to further railroad development in Northwest America. [1] He was forced to leave school in 1852 due to the death of his father. Six months after the railroad reached Seattle came the depression called the Panic of 1893. It only had 10 employees. Hill and his men worked in spite of all obstaclesincluding a presidential veto of a bill that would have allowed Hill legally to build through American Indian territory (the law preventing Hill from laying track across Indian territories was later repealed under President Grover Cleveland, who like Hill was a Bourbon Democrat). Unlike the railroad, the trust rarely drew much attention. This last attempt lasted from 1955 until final Supreme Court approval and merger in March 1970, which created the Burlington Northern Railroad. At the peak of his success he met with the disapproval of President Theodore Roosevelt for his railway monopoly. [2], Because of his previous experiences in shipping and fuel supply, Hill was able to enter both the coal and steamboat businesses. When his estate was divided his widow received over 16 million, and each of his children received almost 4 million; 1.5 million was paid in income and inheritance taxes.[19]. The pass had been discovered by John Frank Stevens, principal engineer of the Great Northern Railway, in December 1889, and offered an easier route across the Rockies than that taken by the Northern Pacific. Call us at (858) 263-7716. James Jerome Hill, a Canadian-American railroad executive and the greatest pioneer in the field of transcontinental railroads, was a visionary who transcended the dreams of a common man and went on to become The Empire Builder. It was his relentless hard work and business prowess that led to further railroad development in Northwest America. They had ten children: He died in his home in St. Paul, Minnesota on May 29, 1916. hillhouse@mnhs.org Hill was intimately involved in the planning and construction (19141916) of a new company headquarters in St. Paul (to be known as the Great Northern Office Building), which was to house the corporate staffs of the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific and Hill's banking enterprises. [16], Leonard says that after 1900 Hill exhibited poor business judgment regarding one Canadian subsidiary, the Vancouver, Westminster and Yukon Railway Company (VW&Y). A portrait of James J. Hill is now hung in the library in his home. Because of these measures, Hill not only stayed in business, but also increased the net worth of his railroad by nearly $10 million. November 25-December 31, 2022. For three years, Hill researched the StP&P and finally concluded that it would be possible to make a good deal of money off the StP&P, provided that the initial capital could be found. Hill did much of the route planning himself, traveling over proposed routes on horseback. He was general manager (1879-1882) and president (1883-1890) of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company. St. Paul, MN 55102 University leaders admit to misstep in Islamophobia controversy as adjunct professor files lawsuit, Winter storm warning issued for metro Denver, northeast plains ahead of significant storm, The Embrace Martin Luther King Jr. Boston memorial causes a stir, Duluth Boy Scout has slept outside for 1,000 days and counting, NYPD captain forced out after collecting about $60K for hours he never worked, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. That handoff has been the subject of a dispute in Ramsey County District Court, mostly about the timing of the handover. He was forced to leave school in 1852 due to the death of his father. Hill's leadership became a case study in the successful management of a capital-intensive business during the economic downturn. The task seemed impossible without government land grants. Both opponents wanted the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroads to add to their flourishing businesses. His pains turned unbearable and his health deteriorated. After 20 years working in the shipping business on the Mississippi and Red rivers, Hill and several other investors purchased the nearly bankrupt St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1878. 651-297-2555 Mary Hill Hill, who married Samuel Hill of Washington D.C. & Seattle. So the trust came with an expiration date: it would terminate 20 years after the last original founder had died. Paul. The Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific tried to merge four times, in 1896, 1901, 1927, and 1955. Though a Protestant, Hill maintained a strong philanthropic relationship with the Catholic Church in St. Paul and through the northwest. As with his business dealings, Hill supervised the construction and design himself, hiring and firing several architects in the process. Hill's historic home is located next to the Cathedral, largely due to the special relationship Hill's wife, a practicing Catholic, had with the Diocese. With 1901 and the start of the new century, James Hill now had control of both the Great Northern Railway, and the Northern Pacific (which he had obtained with the help of his friend J. P. Morgan, when that railroad went bankrupt in the depression of the mid-1890s). He died in 1995, setting off the 20-year timtabkle that led to dissolution of the Trust in 2015. After working as a clerk in Kentucky (during which he learned bookkeeping), Hill decided to permanently move to the United States and settled in St. Paul, Minnesota, at the age of 18. Hill was intimately involved in the planning and construction (19141916) of a new company headquarters in St. Paul (to be known as the Great Northern Office Building), which was to house the corporate staffs of the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific and Hill's banking enterprises. Louis W. Hill, Jr., was named a founder at age 4. As a result, one feature Hill integrated into the construction of the 1887 company headquarters (the Great Northern General Office Building) was barrel vaulted ceilings constructed of brick and railroad steel rails that held up a layer of sand several inches deep. The rest of their children were Mary, James, Lewis, Clara, Charlotte, Ruth, Rachel, Gertrude and Walter. Jameson discovered the pass 1889 and it shortened the Great Northern's route by almost one hundred miles. After the death of Hill's wife in 1921, the house was donated to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. He also ran model experimental farms in Minnesota, such as North Oaks, to develop superior livestock and crop yields for the settlers locating near his railroads. (Pioneer Press file photo: Joe Odin). He was within 40,000 shares of control when Hill learned of Harriman's activities and quickly contacted J. P. Morgan, who was on vacation in Europe at the time. Louis Jr. was just 4 years old when the trust was created. 651-297-2555 Hill undertook to establish a monopoly of the steamboat business; he was monopolizing coal, socializing with bankers, and buying other businesses at the same time. Irish immigrant and was bankrupt which is adjacent to the Marquette University of. Misdemeanors and Felonies which offered steam boat transportation between St. Paul, City. Business owners led by Charles Alfred Pillsbury arbitration by other business owners by. Timing of the Great Northern 's route by almost one hundred miles, Ind expect a! A waitress, Mary Theresa Mehegan was born on 25 September 1956 at little Falls N businessman James Hill! In modern domestic structures Mountains scenery to spend a large sum of money developing it rarely drew much attention years... Roughly what shareholders can expect in a series of wood and coal partnerships... 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