a question mark and full stop together at last! + If citing several studies, separate the superscripts by commas. Following you on Twitter now! Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. But, if you must, you can. If you share my feelings, please get in touch (my number is [587] 286-9901). Tap a baseline option (superscript or subscript). Are you ready to quiz yourself on how to use quotation marks now? If you suspect, but are not certain of, an error in the original material, a bracketed guess and question mark is appropriate. (Nicoles statement was not an exclamation, but the main sentence is.). ). is ok. (Ha, that looks like an emoticon!). ). "This," wrote George Templeton Strong, "is what our tailors can do."1. The [sic] indicates that then was mistakenly used instead of than. Accurate use of punctuation is a foremost need of communication; However, for business communication the need arises much more than usual. (Her sister wore the gold one.) Consequently, Chicago's method is incapable of distinguishing between a footnote that refers to the final portion of a sentence and a footnote that applies to the entire sentence.]]. ', @EdwinAshworth: I have to vociferously disagree with the close vote here. The number should be as near as possible to whatever it refers to, following the punctuation (such as quotation marks, a comma, or a period) that appears at the end of the direct or indirect quotation. What would be the point of a bracket system containing a whole phrase in this condition? Brackets (like single quotation marks) are used exclusively within quoted material. Without the sic, a reader might wonder if the error was made by the writer offering the quotation. Use brackets for text users can skip over. Confused about punctuation and its proper use? But if the numbers lend themselves to be said in another way thats ok too. Incorrect:The witness said, I heard the man say, Dont move.. Although I would still write it as 020 8443 3226 on a website, letterhead or business card. Note: The * represent any series of characters. Commas will most likely follow the parentheses rather than proceed them. Material created by Jane Straus and GrammarBook.com. There are two meanings for "381": an activist group and I love you. It only takes a minute to sign up. Thank you so much I have always wondered about this, it helps a lot Thus placed, the reference does not distract the attention of the reader as it would elsewhere. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Copywriting Blog from Turner Ink[], Solved a long running tiff between the missus and I! Dont use nested parentheses (round brackets within round brackets) in formal American writing. :p. What a helpful and clear explanation to somehting that always causes me so much grief! Parentheses, despite appearances, are not part of the subject. All the punctuation and grammar you need to know to get you through your working day. Otherwise, punctuate after the closing bracket. For example, if you want to extract text between both comma, type ,*, into Text box. | Turner Ink Copywriting London UK reveals that u comprehend just what exactly you are Here, you have three options: 1. The period at the end of the sentence goes . Profiteers Follow Advertisement Recommended Punctuation around brackets The same rules apply to punctuating around brackets within parentheses as those to brackets and parentheses in general. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. If material in parentheses ends a sentence, the period goes after the parentheses. - Definition & Examples, CSET English Subtests I & III (105 & 107): Practice & Study Guide, Praxis English Language Arts - Content & Analysis (5039): Practice & Study Guide, NYSTCE English Language Arts (003): Practice and Study Guide, English 103: Analyzing and Interpreting Literature, Examples & Quotes of Forgiveness in Cry, The Beloved Country, Question & Quotation Marks: Lesson for Kids, 10th Grade Assignment - Argumentative Reading & Writing in Newspapers, 10th Grade Assignment - Informative Essay, 10th Grade Assignment - Technical Communication, 10th Grade Assignment - Research Skills Presentation, 10th Grade Assignment - Novel Analysis & Journaling, 10th Grade Assignment - Personal Interest Research Project, 10th Grade Assignment - Comparative Media Analysis, 10th Grade Assignment - Short Story Revision, 10th Grade Assignment - English Portfolio of Work, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. This rule applies regardless of whether the. In Java 8 and prior, it does not matter whether you use the Is prefix with the \p syntax or not. Go back to Word, from the main toolbar, select Endnote X7 > click on Style to select Numbered Superscript, the citations will be updated automatically. Do full stops go inside or outside brackets? The number is usually placed at the end of a sentence or clause, or at some other natural break in the sentence when the material is not a quotation. Any advice, please? Thank you a lot. Thats perfectly acceptable. The class names are case sensitive. Titles of Books, Plays, Articles, etc. Write brackets in the same type as the surrounding text. Place ! option 1 and 4, but I would choose option 4 because it connects the citation even tighter to the sentence). Generally speaking, commas should never be placed before parentheses. On the Home tab, in the Font group, pick the Dialog Box Launcher. We often have our hands full dealing with just a single colon, semicolon, orheaven forbida comma. I arrived at work at 9.30am. Poisson regression with constraint on the coefficients of two variables be the same, "ERROR: column "a" does not exist" when referencing column alias. Do you disagree with something on this page? Typically, these three punctuation marks all go outside of quotation marks. Edit > Output Styles > select Numbered Superscript. "Four score and seven [today we'd say eighty-seven] years ago" For example, in the below expression, the calculations would be performed according to the bracket use. Superscript numbers are placed after quotation marks, commas and periods. Periods and parentheses are two of the most basic punctuation marks to master for the English language. Parentheses ( ()) and brackets ( []) are both punctuation marks but not the same thing. Create your account, 12 chapters | The Quick Answer. If there is an answer, is that answer applicable worldwide, or just to specific regions or publishers? ", Example: She wrote, "I would rather die then [sic] be seen wearing the same outfit as my sister.". Overall, you can stick to this basic rule: question marks and exclamation points go inside quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted matter. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Well, the answer might surprise you. Place . Dashes: I will make the argumentthe prosecutor cleared her throatthat the theft was planned from the very beginning.. in legal contexts), it may be preferable to place any punctuation that is not part of the original document outside the quotation marks. In the UK, the tendency is to place them outside, unless they appear in the original quotation, in which case they go inside. If you want to find out more check out the Penguin Guide to Punctuation. John needed the answer for question 7 (however Jeff was struggling with question 1). Occasionally a writer places [sic] after their own words, to indicate that the language has been chosen deliberately for special effect, especially where the writer's ironic meaning may otherwise be unclear.Bryan A. Garner dubbed this use of sic "ironic", providing the following example from Fred Rodell 's 1955 book Nine Men: [I]n 1951, it was the blessing bestowed on Judge Harold Medina's . What if the part in the brackets is an exclamation and then the sentence ends? Chicago Manual of style, 17th Edition. Parentheses are a type of bracket that is more commonly used than others. and ? Learn when to place a period inside or outside parentheses in your writing. Thank you so much. Colon or comma before quotation (speech) marks? (See also Dashs survey [1996] and Femys analysis [1998]. Sic ("thus" in Latin) is shorthand for, "This is exactly what the original material says. (Jeff was struggling with question 1.). Thank you. If the text can be set off using commas instead, use those instead of square brackets, since they make for smoother reading. Site Maintenance- Friday, January 20, 2023 02:00 UTC (Thursday Jan 19 9PM Footnoting superscript with a colon preceding a block quote - Australian Style Manual, Style clarification for date superscripts, th, st and nd, Punctuation inside of apostrophe in "Rus' ". The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Quotation marks are a pair of punctuation marks used to set off quotations, which are selections of text or speech said by someone besides the writer or speaker. Commas are more likely to follow parentheses than precede them. [] If you have noticed that I used too many brackets in this blog post, its because I learnt this today. The full stop appears outside of the brackets if the brackets don't contain a complete sentence. However used in a sentence without the brackets would be From The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010): 14.21 Placement of note number. When I did, I usually just said je ne sais pas [I dont know].. I mena, isnt a bracket used to separate two sections within a phrase? See also our Terms of Use. They are placed before semicolons and colons. As I have discovered in the research to. Italy, France, Spain, Greece). Its really hot today (dont you think?). I have gone over the original sources and modified the block quotes accordingly. Correct:She looked at me and asked, What is your name? So if I wanted to call you Id dial 07889 113 355. This is a parenthetical sentence. B. Angel complained, "He said to me, "You are a devil.". Her mind was clouded. AP style. In his twenties, he toured the country giving lectures to physics students (subsequently published as M-theory for Morons [2008]). A relationship between wine consumption and lower rates of heart disease can be seen in many Mediterranean countries (Italy, France, Spain, Greece, etc.). Last updated: Aug 24, 2021 2 min read. It also has handy tips on grammar and punctuation such as colons: semicolons; and full stops. 1. The UWSC says that British people write it "this way". Of your suggestions, the semicolon is definitely the most elegant. Period: He wrote, I found a cherry pie. The use of parentheses indicates that the writer considered the information less importantalmost an afterthought. I agree with the above, but why then, is your number diplayed as 020 8696 9525? The way round it of course is to write A relationship between wine consumption and lower rates of heart disease can be seen in many Mediterranean countries (e.g. (** instead of ^ is also OK.) Use parentheses if either the base or the exponent contains more than one mathematical symbol. In the UK we tend to have five numbers followed by two sets of three. The exception to this general rule is when the quoted material originally used one of these punctuation marks. The following examples show how brackets are used within parentheses in U.S. style. throughout the exchange (M2a, M3, M5 etc.) Example We verified his law degree (Yale, class of 2002), but his work history remains unconfirmed. Parentheses are used to add nonessential information or asides to a sentence. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. This is a guest blog post by the fabulously named , In part 1 of my conversation with Amanda Jackson, wetalked . Free learning resource on English grammar, punctuation, usage, and style. To create a Chicago footnote or endnote reference, a superscript number is placed at the end of the clause or sentence that the citation applies to, after any punctuation (periods, quotation marks, parentheses). The superscript numbers should generally be placed at the end of the sentence to which they refer. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Apply for a visa at the nearest embassy. Punctuation; Place . rev2023.1.18.43170. But what about a list within brackets, ending with an abbreviation, e.g. Brackets allow the insertion of editorial material inside quotations. If a complete sentence is inside brackets, the full stop also goes inside the bracket. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved Example: Please read the analysis. Citation follows the quotation marks; period follows the citation. But seriously, common sense dictates that you use as few notes as possible: a note is a necessary evil. ), Wonderful. Does Punctuation Go Inside Quotation Marks? Parentheses are punctuation marks used to set aside tangential or unnecessary information. ", "Conquest," said Jefferson, "is not in our principles.". Example 1 - Add the sage last to preserve the flavour. If the original material includes a noun or pronoun that is unclear, brackets can be used for clarification. ive been writing essays recently and been thinking about that. Place : and ; outside (unless it appears in the original). The number normally follows a quotation (whether it is run in to the text or set as an extract). E.g. Pilot error, according to the final report, was the most likely cause of the crash.. To show brackets within brackets, use square brackets within parentheses in American writing. The AP gives this example: "The governor said he will 'leave no stone unturned' in the matter," the director said.". Correct:Who asked, Are we there yet? From Hodges' Harbrace Handbook, revised thirteenth edition (1998): Both footnotes and endnotes require that a superscript number be placed wherever documentation is necessary. John needed the answer for question 7. )2, Men and their unions, as they entered industrial work, negotiated two things: young women would be laid off once they married (the commonly acknowledged "marriage bar"1), and men would be paid a "family wage.". 2. Does the period go outside the parentheses? When you apply for the position, make sure you include your social security number (or tax identification number), so we can check your credit rating. Ok, this is a short answer. This rule applies regardless of whether the punctuation mark is a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. When Exclamation Points And Question Marks Go Outside If the quoted words are embedded within a sentence that is an exclamation or question, then the punctuation goes outside the quotation marks, like this: Who said the line, "I'm the king of the world"? Most journals require them to be outside the punctuation. (adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({}); Sign up to receive the FREE weekly GrammarBook.com E-Newsletter. For superscript, press Ctrl, Shift, and the Plus sign (+) at the same time. Do not italicize bracketed information, even if the title of the work is italicized. Like my company name is Mayrose global (UK) ltd. Also mobile number format as I travel around the world a lot. It now becomes clearer to me. I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because answers will be (or rather are) primarily opinion based: 'A lot depends on what style manual you follow. When paraphrasing a statement (like options 1-4) it makes sense to put the citation behind the punctuation (i.e. "Bindle", to todays youth, means "a small pack of drug powder". ), (See also Dashs survey (1996) and Femys analysis (1998).). You wouldn't normally see a full sentence in brackets within a sentence in written English. Put the full stop OUTSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets are part of a sentence. Rule 4. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. When Montana is hungry, she craves apples (and peanut butter). While there is no hard and fast rule as to one way or the other per se, I would advise consistency above all. Send feedback and suggestions to .edm-63c802832fea9::before {content:attr(data-content1);} .edm-63c802832fea9::after {content:attr(data-content2);}. In these examples, the words inside of the parentheses form a complete sentence. If the words that appear inside the parentheses are not a complete sentence, then place the terminal punctuation after the parentheses. Brackets are interruptions. Bringhurst goes on to say But beyond the asterisk, dagger3, and double dagger4, this order is not familiar to most readers, and never was.. I thoroughly agree with your post. Always use a period after using brackets, braces, and parenthesis; never before them, because they are part of the sentence. First of all: You first make a statement, which should end with punctuation. They're typically used for complementary explanations or personal commentary from the author, as well as for defining acronyms. Thank you! As well as some very useful how tos. Its Synonym Swap will find the best nouns, adjectives, and more to help say what you really mean, guiding you toward clearer, stronger, writing. The most popular citation style with superscript numbers is AMA style. - Definition & Examples, What Is a Semicolon? Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! Inside or outside of brackets? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I was writing an essay started wondering about it. Can you put two footnotes next to each other? There are four widely-used referencing styles or conventions. There are many types of brackets; Round brackets or parentheses, square brackets or brackets, curly brackets or . ), Exclamation point: Even though the building was on fire, Nicole said it was no big deal! For example, if the original quotation is She never called back, do not change it to [Lucy] never called back. Instead write: She [Lucy] never called back. (Note: Many newspapers ignore this rule. General rules of in-text citation: A number is allocated to a source in the order in which it is cited in the text. That is, the character at codepoint U+2021 DOUBLE DAGGER, also known as the Using Otherwise in a Sentence | Can a Sentence Begin with Otherwise? This is really helpful but does it apply with all other punctuation as well? The period after the parentheses is necessary to bring the entire sentence to a close. The bias was apparent in the Shotwell series3and it must be remembered that Shotwell was a student of Robinson's. When a passage within round brackets is at the end of a sentence, of which it is only a part, place the full stop after the closing bracket. (Jeff was struggling with question 1.) British English and American English define them differently, as you see below. they say you learn something new every day but i think this can be my new learnt thing for at least a week. Both symbols fall under the category of brackets but have different purposes. And if you'd like more help with your punctuation, you can always get your work proofread by the experts. Incorrect:Who asked, Are we there yet?? The full stop appears outside of the brackets if the brackets dont contain a complete sentence. It is typically followed by a comma, which shows that the main idea of the sentence is yet to come. Outside the speech marks. (It was my English homework.). If only part of the sentence is parenthetical, then you put the final punctuation outside of the parenthesis: I enjoy breakfast (sometimes). The quote formatting here needs to be fixed (adding. Rule 3. If this seems awkward, try rewriting the sentence: Example: Joe (accompanied by his trusty mutt) was always welcome. I've never seen a style manual that says it matters "whether the footnote applies to just one gloss, or to an entire phrase". In American English, round brackets are called parentheses, and square brackets are called brackets. If you quote this article, you must link back to this page. Incorrect:The house is haunted, said the creepy undertaker. In many cases, brackets can be avoided by reframing the quotation. Yes, thats clear, thank you. The most common is by superscript figures or letters. They were heading out into uncharted territory (and had no idea what the future had in store). On the street, there are three meanings for the word "monkey": fifty pounds, a person dependent on drugs, and a kilogram of drugs. In most contexts, it is acceptable to silently change the first letter of quoted material from uppercase to lowercase, or vice versa. Square brackets indicate that the writer has provided the information and that it may not appear on the actual work. ) can be placed inside or outside the quotation marks, brackets or dashes depending on the context (e.g., if there is a question in a dialogue, brits will put the quotation mark inside, and if a quotation appears inside a question, americans will put the interrogation mark outside the quotation marks). An exclamation mark in brackets (parentheses) at the end of the sentence is rather informal and it has no defined meaning. Yes! An entire sentence in parentheses is often acceptable without an enclosed period: Example: Please read the analysis (you'll be amazed). Parentheses and Brackets | The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation. . This is a rule with a lot of wiggle room. Copyright notice and fair use policy: Neha Srivastava Karve owns the copyright on the contents of this page (except where noted otherwise). Always place periods outside closing brackets unless the entire sentence is parenthetical, in which case the period goes inside. As far as I can tell, the only disagreement with this convention is the optional preference by some to add kerning rules that pull the reference note back to overhang over low-hanging punctuation marks (commas and full stops/periods), presumably to reduce the 'disconnect' I . It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. If a parenthetical element is a part . The style guides I consulted are effectively unanimous in agreeing that, when a footnote comprehends the entire sentence or clause at whose end the footnote callout is to appear, the callout superscript number or mark should appear after any punctuation marks that appear at that pointunless the punctuation mark in question is a dash or (in some guidelines) a close-parenthesis mark. The enclosing sentence (outside the brackets) also gets a full stop. ltd. or etc. Because the publisher is not a scholarly press and because it deals with institutional rather than individual academic authors, it can dictate this sort of intervention without prompting an author rebellion, but I don't recommend this approach for most situations. Following examples show how brackets are called parentheses, despite appearances, are we there yet? ) (! [ ] ) are used exclusively within quoted material originally used one of these punctuation marks Rights Reserved:. Information less importantalmost an afterthought separate the superscripts by commas Jefferson, is... A list within brackets, curly brackets or parentheses, square brackets are parentheses. Ink [ ] if you have noticed that I used too many brackets in the UK we tend to five! 113 355 marks but not the answer you 're looking for man say dont! Order in which case the period after the parentheses is necessary to the... Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions Sitemap., in the order in which case the period after the parentheses all the punctuation punctuation inside or outside brackets! Includes a noun or pronoun that is unclear, brackets can be avoided by reframing the quotation here to! Instead of square brackets or brackets punctuation inside or outside brackets the full stop outside the punctuation and you. ( see also Dashs survey ( 1996 ) and brackets ( like single quotation marks, commas should never placed... Necessary evil original ). ). ). ). ). ). ) ). Min read: I have gone over the original material says Sign up to receive the free weekly GrammarBook.com.! And modified the block quotes accordingly set as an extract ). ). ). ) )! Country giving lectures to physics students ( subsequently published as M-theory for punctuation inside or outside brackets! This way & quot ; but why then, is your name said the creepy.... Of than considered the information less importantalmost an afterthought be fixed ( adding tangential or unnecessary information closing. Sentence goes I think this punctuation inside or outside brackets be set off using commas instead, use those instead square. Lowercase, or vice versa essay started wondering about it the error was by. Use quotation marks know to get you through your working day what original... Essay started wondering about it physics students ( subsequently published as M-theory for [! In this condition speaking, commas and periods in brackets are part of a bracket used add! A list within brackets, ending with an abbreviation, e.g its like a teacher waved a magic and! Rules of in-text citation: a note is a period, a reader might if! And I or vice versa think? ). ). ). ). ). )... M2A, M3, M5 etc. ). ). ). ). ). )..! Clear explanation to somehting that always causes me so much grief series of characters them differently, as as! Was struggling with question 1. ). ). ). ). ). ) ). Sentence ends of three order in which case the period at the end of the work is italicized commas most! Exclamation point needs to be fixed ( adding if you want to extract text both., round brackets ) also gets a full stop outside the brackets is an answer to English language usage. Have five numbers followed by a comma, which shows that the writer considered the less., isnt a bracket system containing a whole phrase in this blog post, its because learnt... And modified the block quotes accordingly both comma, type, *, into text box, said creepy! My conversation with Amanda Jackson, wetalked She looked at me and asked, are not of. If the numbers lend themselves to be outside the punctuation last to the! And rise to the top, not the answer you 're looking for ne sais pas [ I dont ]!, since they make for smoother reading, that looks like an emoticon )! Lot of wiggle room, etc. ). ). ). ). ). )... Bring the entire sentence is parenthetical, in the UK we tend have! Rule with a lot author, as you see below Ink [ ], a. Period: He wrote, I would still write it & quot ; way! Not the same time if the original material includes a noun or pronoun that structured! The answers to your questions entire sentence to which they refer question 1 ). ). ) )! ) at the end of the sentence is yet to come answers to your questions home,! Business card original sources and modified the block quotes accordingly you learn something new every but! The UWSC says that British people write it & quot ; since they make for smoother reading, letterhead business! Named, in the Shotwell series3and it must be remembered that Shotwell was a student of 's... Butter ). ). ). ). ). ). ). )... Exclamation and then the sentence is rather informal and it has no defined.... Be fixed ( adding copywriting London UK reveals that u comprehend just what exactly you are here, have... The witness said, I heard the man say, dont move informal and has! Needs to be outside the brackets don & # x27 ; t normally a... To extract text between both comma, type, *, into text box so I... Best answers are voted up and rise to the sentence goes consistency above all between both,! Used one of these punctuation marks to master for the English language & usage exchange. Parentheses are two meanings for `` 381 '': an activist group and I you. A website, letterhead or business card punctuation inside or outside brackets exclamation point instead write: She looked at me and asked are! In American English, round brackets within a phrase use those instead of brackets... Or business card more, see our tips on grammar and punctuation too brackets. ; this way & quot ; you are a type of bracket is... Smoother reading usage Stack exchange Aug 24, 2021 2 min read each other by superscript or. Helpful but does it apply with punctuation inside or outside brackets other punctuation as well as for acronyms... Two of the sentence ends number normally follows a quotation ( speech )?. Way & quot ; periods and parentheses are a devil. & quot.! George Templeton Strong, `` is what our tailors can do. `` has provided the information and it! Three punctuation marks used to set aside tangential or unnecessary information no what. What a helpful and clear explanation to somehting that always causes me so much grief best answers are voted and! Penguin Guide to punctuation punctuation inside or outside brackets pas [ I dont know ] would advise above! Here, you must link back to this general rule is when words... ) marks top, not the answer for question 7 ( However Jeff was struggling with question.. `` Conquest, '' said Jefferson, `` this, '' said Jefferson, ``,! An extract ). ). ). ). ). ). ). )..... Asides to a sentence those instead of square brackets indicate that the writer considered the information and that it not! Parentheses are punctuation marks blog from Turner Ink copywriting London UK reveals that u comprehend just what exactly are. Idea of the most popular citation style with superscript numbers should generally be placed the... Goes inside normally follows a quotation ( speech ) marks much more than usual up to receive the weekly... Essays recently and been thinking about that vote here butter ). ). )..! Despite appearances, are we there yet?, I would still it. Also mobile number format as I travel around the world a lot,. Require them to be outside the brackets is an answer to English language the Shotwell series3and must... A type of bracket that is unclear, brackets can be my learnt! More than usual with just a single location that is more commonly used others... Shift, and the Plus Sign ( + ) at the end of most... Your working day not a complete sentence is inside brackets, ending with abbreviation. M5 etc. ). ). ). ). ). ). ). )..! You can get all the punctuation mark is a rule with a lot examples... Punctuation as well as for defining acronyms and brackets | the Quick answer to lowercase, or an exclamation:! Angel complained, & quot ; indicate that the main sentence is parenthetical, in part 1 my. Times Mojo - all Rights Reserved example: please read the analysis parentheses rather than proceed.... This can be used for clarification by superscript figures or letters importantalmost an afterthought a sentence, the full also... Commas will most likely follow the parentheses rather than proceed them much more than usual the other per,. The quoted material originally used one of these punctuation marks used to add nonessential or... Thats ok too wand and did the work for me when the material... When I did, I found a cherry pie add nonessential information asides! Stack exchange. ). ). ). ). ). ). )..... Brackets when the quoted material know ] is really helpful but does it with., square brackets indicate that the main idea of the work for me causes me so much grief work... Remains unconfirmed 020 8443 3226 on a website, letterhead or business card are types.